Table 2.

Participant demographics

	Pre-training n (%) N = 140	Follow-up n (%) N = 44
Graduate nurse (GNP)	55 (39)	16 (36)
RN	51 (36)	12 (27)
Clinical nurse specialist (CNS); clinical nurse educator (CNE); associate nurse unit manager (ANUM)	11 (8)	5 (11)
Security staff	9 (6)	1 (2)
Mental health RN	7 (5)	6 (14)
Other	4 (3)	2 (5)
Allied health professional	2 (1)	2 (5)
Medical staff—trainee	1 (1)	0 (0)
Staff <1 year experience	69 (49)	16 (36)
Staff >6 years’ experience	34 (24)	11 (25)
Work in a mental health setting	32 (23)	9 (20)
Have been the recipient of clinical physical or verbal aggression	95 (68)	24 (55)

CNS clinical nurse specialist, CNE clinical nurse educator, ANUM associate nurse unit manager, RN registered nurse