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. 2020 Aug 6;11:1955. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01955

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Copyright © 2020 Zou, Xu, Hong and Yuan.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Visual representation of hypothetical model. Hypothesis 1 (H1) = total effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on depression (c); Hypothesis 2 (H2) = specific indirect effect through social support (a₁b₁); Hypothesis 3 (H3) = specific indirect effect through optimism (a₂b₂); Hypothesis 4 (H4) = serial mediating effect (a₁db₂).