Table 3.

Comparison of exclusion criteria for access to critical care from available state-level Crisis Standards of Care

State	Poor short-term survival1	Commonly cited specific examples of exclusion criteria related to end-organ failure
		Cardiac2	Pulmonary3	Renal4	Hepatic5	Neurologic6	Oncologic7	Trauma & burns8
Alabama		X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Kansas	X	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Louisiana		X	X		X	X	X	X
Massachusetts	X	X				X		X
New York	X	X				X		X
Ohio	X	X	X		X		X	X
Oregon	X
Tennessee		X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Utah	X
Washington*	X	X	X		X	X	X	X

NYHA New York Heart Association, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in the first second of expiration, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, MELD model for endstate liver disease

¹Variable, e.g., “severe advanced chronic disease with short life expectancy, < 6 months” (AL) or “immediate or near-immediate death despite aggressive therapy” (MA, NY)

²Cardiac arrest (all), heart failure classified as “severe” (WA), NYHA Class III or IV (AL, KS, OH, TN) or Class IV (LA)

³Wide variation in specificity, from FEV₁ < 25% (KS, TN) to “end-stage COPD” (OH) or “severe chronic lung disease” (WA)

⁴Variable, including “anyone on or requiring dialysis” (AL), or “dialysis dependent” (KS, TN)

⁵Severe cirrhosis (AL, WA); MELD score > 20 (AL, KS); Pugh score > 7 (OH, TN) or > 9 (LA)

⁶Severe dementia (AL, LA, TN); “severe,” “advanced,” and/or “irreversible” neurologic event or functional impairment (AL, KS, LA, MA, TN); “traumatic brain injury with no motor response to painful stimulus” (NY)

⁷“Incurable” or “metastatic” malignancy with “poor prognosis” (all)

⁸Severe burns (e.g., “> 60% body surface area” (AL), “body surface > 40%” (TN), or “where predicted survival ≤ 10%” (NY, OH)); “severe” or “overwhelming” trauma (AL, LA, MA, OH, WA)

*Washington’s CSC listed conditions that should be considered as criteria for transfer to outpatient or palliative care during times of resource limitation; although not explicitly called “exclusion criteria,” these were incorporated into the screening process to determine eligibility for ICU care, and were thus included here