Table 1.
Overview of Projects, Instruments, and Sample Characteristics Comprising the Whole Genome Sequencing in Psychiatric Disorders (WGSPD) Consortium.
| Project | Instrument | N | Females, n (%) | Age M±SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Project 1: Whole Genome Sequencing for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in the GPC (Boehnke, McCarroll, Pato) | ||||
| Los Angeles, New York City | ||||
| SCZ | DI-PAD, GPC screener | 7,758 | 2,361 (30.4%) | 44.0 ±12.7 |
| SA | DI-PAD, GPC screener | 2,551 | 1,110 (43.5%) | 43.8 ± 11.5 |
| BP | DI-PAD, GPC screener | 3,798 | 2,025 (53.3%) | 42.8 ± 12.8 |
| BP-I | DI-PAD, GPC screener | 3,696 | 1,966 (53.2%) | 42.8±12.8 |
| BP-II | DI-PAD, GPC screener | 102 | 59 (57.8%) | 41.4±13.8 |
| DEP | DI-PAD and/or GPC screener | 812 | 476 (58.6%) | 40.4 ± 14.7 |
| OTHER (no diagnosis of BP, psychosis or DEP) | GPC screener | 12,335 | 6,925 (56.1%)a | 39.2 ± 15.2a |
| Project 3: Genomic strategies to identify high-impact psychiatric risk variants (Freimer, Palotie, Geschwind) | ||||
| Dutch BP | ||||
| SCZ | SCID, CASH | 1 | 0 (0%) | 33.0 |
| SA | SCID, CASH | 1 | 1 (100%) | 36.0 |
| BP | SCID, CASH | 1,412 | 809 (57.3%) | 49.3 ± 12.4 |
| BP-I | SCID, CASH | 1,384 | 789 (57.0%) | 49.2±12.4 |
| BP-II | SCID, CASH | 26 | 20 (76.9%) | 52.2±15.4 |
| BP-NOS | SCID, CASH | 2 | 0 (0%) | 67.5±9.2 |
| DEP | SCID, CASH, MINI | 134 | 101 (75.4%) | 51.7 ± 14.9 |
| OTHER | SCID, CASH, MINI | 103 | 56 (54.4%) | 51.0 ± 15.9 |
| CON | MINI | 556 | 317 (57.0%) | 53.6 ± 16.0 |
| Dutch SCZ | ||||
| SCZ | CASH | 600 | 122 (20.3%) | 27.7 ± 7.1a |
| SA | CASH | 99 | 33 (33.3%) | 27.8 ± 6.9 |
| BP | CASH | 16 | 6 (37.5%) | 27.5 ± 7.7 |
| BP-I | CASH | 16 | 6 (37.5%) | 27.5±7.7 |
| DEP | CASH | 1 | 1 (100%) | 29.0 |
| OTHER | CASH | 101 | 23 (22.8%) | 28.0 ± 8.0 |
| Finland Schizophrenia Family Study | ||||
| SCZ | SCID | 246 | 85 (34.6%) | 45.8 ± 9.3 |
| SA | SCID | 60 | 28 (46.7%) | 44.9 ± 7.1 |
| BP | SCID | 22 | 13 (59.1%) | 47.9 ±10.0 |
| BP-I | SCID | 17 | 10 (58.8%) | 47.5±8.3 |
| BP subtype unclear | SCID | 5 | 3 (60%) | 49.2±15.7 |
| DEP | SCID | 41 | 27 (65.9%) | 50.2 ± 12.9 |
| OTHER | SCID | 55 | 26 (47.3%) | 49.6 ± 11.6 |
| CON | SCID | 412 | 223 (54.1%) | 53.1 ± 13.6 |
| Psychosis in Finland | ||||
| SCZ | SCID | 39 | 22 (56.4%) | 54.2 ± 12.0 |
| SA | SCID | 14 | 12 (85.7%) | 49.6 ± 10.2 |
| BP | SCID | 20 | 8 (40.0%) | 49.0 ± 13.0 |
| BP-I | SCID | 14 | 7 (50.0%) | 50.6±14.6 |
| BP-II | SCID | 3 | 1 (33.3%) | 41.3±1.5 |
| BP-NOS | SCID | 3 | 0 (0%) | 49.0±11.4 |
| DEP | SCID | 159 | 89 (56.0%) | 54.5 ± 12.2 |
| OTHER | SCID | 153 | 63 (41.2%) | 52.9 ± 13.4 |
| CON | SCID | 157 | 96 (61.1%) | 55.9 ± 15.0 |
| Colombia/LA | ||||
| BP | DIGS, MINI | 87 | 54 (62.1%) | 50.7 ± 15.2 |
| BP-I | DIGS, MINI | 87 | 54 (62.1%) | 50.7±15.2 |
| DEP | DIGS, MINI | 35 | 26 (74.3%) | 45.1 ± 16.8 |
| OTHER | DIGS, MINI | 172 | 89 (52.0%)a | 40.4 ± 14.4 |
| CON | DIGS, MINI | 62 | 35 (56.5%) | 65.1 ± 16.4 |
| Costa Rica/LA | ||||
| SZA | DIGS, MINI | 4 | 2 (50.0%) | 36.8 ± 14.2 |
| BP | DIGS, MINI | 65 | 37 (56.9%) | 45.4 ± 15.0 |
| BP-I | DIGS, MINI | 53 | 28 (52.8%) | 46.8±14.8 |
| BP-II | DIGS, MINI | 12 | 9 (75.0%) | 39.5±15.0 |
| DEP | DIGS, MINI | 46 | 30 (65.2%) | 45.4 ± 15.9 |
| OTHER | DIGS, MINI | 161 | 87 (54.4%)a | 44.5 ± 14.2 |
| CON | DIGS, MINI | 69 | 31 (44.9%) | 58.3 ± 16.4 |
| Project 4: Pedigree-Based Whole Genome Sequencing of Affective and Psychotic Disorders (Glahn, Blangero, Gur) | ||||
| Pennsylvania/EA | ||||
| SCZ | DIGS | 66 | 21 (31.8%) | 44.7 ± 10.3 |
| SA | DIGS | 12 | 10 (83.3%) | 44.5 ±18.9 |
| BP | DIGS | 7 | 3 (42.9%) | 48.6 ± 13.3 |
| BP-I | DIGS | 2 | 1 (50%) | 64.5±12.0 |
| BP-II | DIGS | 3 | 2 (66.7%) | 41.0±9.8 |
| BP-NOS | DIGS | 2 | 0 (0%) | 44.0±1.4 |
| DEP | DIGS | 129 | 89 (69.0%) | 42.3 ± 14.5 |
| OTHER | DIGS | 176 | 60 (34.1%) | 48.0 ±17.7 |
| CON | DIGS | 237 | 139 (58.6%) | 47.0 ± 18.8 |
| Texas/LA | ||||
| SCZ | MINI | 8 | 0 (0%) | 45.3 ± 13.2 |
| SA | MINI | 15 | 10 (66.7%) | 43.1 ± 15.6 |
| BP | MINI | 30 | 18 (60.0%) | 36.1 ± 9.3 |
| BP-I | MINI | 16 | 9 (56.3%) | 37.9±9.9 |
| BP-II | MINI | 14 | 9 (64.3%) | 34.1±8.5 |
| DEP | MINI | 585 | 422 (72.1%) | 43.1 ± 14.7 |
| OTHER | MINI | 549 | 204 (37.2%) | 40.9 ± 15.4 |
| CON | MINI | 717 | 496 (69.2%) | 42.3 ±16.9 |
Note. SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM); CASH = Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History; DIGS = Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies; MINI = Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; Di-PAD = Diagnostic Interview for Psychotic and Affective Disorders; SCZ = schizophrenia; SA = schizoaffective disorder; BP = bipolar disorder; BP-I = bipolar disorder type I; BP-II = bipolar disorder type II; BP-NOS = bipolar disorder not otherwise specified; DEP = any depressive disorder. SCZ includes individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder, CON includes individuals with no diagnosis, OTHER includes individuals with a diagnosis other than SCZ, SA, BP, DEP, or with diagnosis unknown.
Missing data Project 1: Sex (n = 1); Age (n = 3), Missing data Project 3, Colombia: Sex (n = 1); Age (n = 2), Costa Rica: Sex (n = 1); Age (n = 3).