Table 1.
Specifications for SSOS (E 1450) according to Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 and for modified starches, including INS 1450, tentatively proposed by JECFA (2018)
| Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 | JECFA, tentative (2018) | |
|---|---|---|
| Definition | Starch sodium octenyl succinate is starch esterified with octenylsuccinic anhydride |
General for modified starches: Starch consists mainly of amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is a linear molecule of α‐d‐glucopyranosyl units linked by (1‐4)‐α‐linkages. Amylopectin is a highly branched polymer of α‐d‐glucopyranosyl units linked by (1‐4)‐α‐linkages and by (1‐6)‐α‐linkages that constitute the branch points. Each glucose unit possesses a maximum of three hydroxyls that can undergo chemical substitution Native starches can be physically (pre‐gelatinised starches) and/or chemically modified for improved functionality. The most common sources of native starch used in these modifications are various roots, tubers, cereals and legumes. Modified starches are used in applications requiring special properties not attainable by native starches Chemical modifications of native starches are often performed, in an aqueous suspension under controlled conditions of pH, time and temperature, unless otherwise indicated in the description of the respective annex. After sufficient reaction time, the modified starch is recovered by filtration or centrifugation, washed with water, dried and packaged. The relevant modification reactions can be, separately or in combination, fragmentations (hydrolysis, oxidation, enzymatic), bleaching, oxidation, esterification, etherification or phosphorylation of one or more of the hydroxyl groups of the α‐d‐glucopyranosyl units or crosslinking using polyfunctional agents |
| Treatment | – | Octenylsuccinic anhydride can be used for the esterification and either sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate as a pH buffer for neutralisation |
| Synonym | SSOS | |
| CAS Numbers |
Starch sodium octenyl succinate 66829‐29‐6 (modified starch) 52906‐93‐1 (modified starch) 125109‐81‐1 (modified amylopectin) |
|
| Description | White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, amorphous powder or coarse particles | White or nearly white powder or granules or (if pregelatinised) flakes, or amorphous powder or coarse particles |
| Identification | ||
| Solubility | – | Insoluble in cold water (if not pregelatinised); forming typical colloidal solutions with viscous properties in hot water; insoluble in ethanol |
| Microscopic observation | Passes test (if not pregelatinised) | Passes test |
| Iodine staining | Passes test (dark blue to light red colour) | Passes test |
| Copper reduction | – | Passes test |
| Ester groups | – | Passes test |
| Purity | ||
| pH | 3.0‐9.0 | |
| Loss on drying |
Not more than 15.0% for cereal starch Not more than 21.0% for potato starch Not more than 18.0% for other starches |
Cereal starch: not more than 15.0% Potato starch: not more than 21.0% Other starches: not more than 18.0% Conditions: 120°, 4 h, vacuum not exceeding 100 mmHg |
| Octenylsuccinyl groups | Not more than 3% (on an anhydrous basis) | Not more than 3% on the dried basis |
| Octenylsuccinic acid residue | Not more than 0.3% (on an anhydrous basis) | Not more than 0.3% on the dried basis |
| Carboxyl groups | – | Not more than 0.1% on the dried basis |
| Sulfur dioxide |
Not more than 50 mg/kg for modified cereal starches (on an anhydrous basis) Not more than 10 mg/kg for other modified starches, unless otherwise specified (on an anhydrous basis) |
Not more than 50 mg/kg on the dried basis for modified cereal starches Not more than 10 mg/kg on the dried basis for other modified starches |
| Arsenic | Not more than 1 mg/kg | – |
| Lead | Not more than 2 mg/kg (on an anhydrous basis) |
Not more than 0.2 mg/kg on the dried basis Not more than 0.1 mg/kg on the dried basis for Starch sodium octenylsuccinate (INS 1450) for use in infant formula and formula for special medical purposes intended for infants |
| Mercury | Not more than 0.1 mg/kg | – |
| Manganese | – | Not more than 50 mg/kg on the dried basis |
| Microbiological criteria | ||
| Aerobic plate count | Not more than 1,000 CFU/g | |
| Yeasts and moulds | Not more than 1,000 CFU/g | |
| Total coliforms | Not more than 10 CFU/g | |
CFU: colony‐forming units.