Table 1. Targeted metabolomics in MS skin fibroblasts.

Characteristic	Control (n = 8)		Multiple sclerosis (n = 8)		Two-sample t-test/Fishers exact test	FDR
Age	50.1	(14.9)	42.6	(7.6)	0.22
Sex (male/female)	3/5		4/4		1.0
Malic	107	(24)	179	(51)	0.005	0.08
2-Ketoisovaleric	120	(57)	204	(54)	0.009	0.08
2-Ketoisocaproic	349	(82)	531	(163)	0.018	0.1
2-Ketoglutaric	53	(10)	74	(21)	0.028	0.12
3-Methyl-2-ketovaleric	120	(53)	182	(54)	0.036	0.12
Lactic	89946	(20544)	116123	(29755)	0.062	0.18
Succinic	1371	(309)	1885	(655)	0.072	0.18
cis-Aconitic	20	(4)	35	(22)	0.101	0.21
Fumaric	51	(11)	66	(22)	0.115	0.22
Citric	637	(138)	806	(278)	0.153	0.26
3-OH Isovaleric	108	(39)	91	(30)	0.318	0.49
Acetoacetic	31	(14)	42	(35)	0.419	0.54
Pyruvic	1727	(453)	1937	(582)	0.434	0.54
3-OH Butyric	539	(116)	651	(373)	0.441	0.54
2-Ketobutyric	164	(41)	183	(62)	0.487	0.55
3-Methylglutaconic	21	(7)	23	(7)	0.543	0.58
2-OH Butyric	82	(26)	90	(54)	0.736	0.74

Targeted metabolomics analysis of conditioned media from skin fibroblasts derived from control and multiple sclerosis individuals. The mean value for each characteristic is shown where applicable with the standard deviation in parentheses. The average metabolite concentration was determined from eight different patient skin fibroblasts per group tested in quadruplicates. Metabolite concentrations are shown as μmol of metabolite per g of protein. Significance for group comparisons was calculated using two-sample t-test (two-tailed) and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. Metabolites are ordered by p-value. FDR: false discovery rate.