Table 3.
Purinergic receptor-mediated vascular function in kidney.
| Organ | Species | Diabetic model | Nucleot(s)ide/stimuli | Purinergic receptor | Vascular effect | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kidney | Rat | STZ | ADO/renal occlusion | A1R | RBF↓ | [39] |
| The A2BR antagonist | A2BR | Glomerulopathy and fibrosis↓ | [47,48] | |||
| The A2AR agonist | A2AR | Glomerular inflammation and injury↓ | [45,46] | |||
| The P2X7R agonist | P2X7R | Cortical blood flow↑, GFR↓ | [36] | |||
| Rat | GK | Up4A | P2R | vascular contraction↑ | [51] | |
| Mouse | Ins2+/−/A1AR−/− mutants | A1R | GFR↑, Glomerular Injury↑ | [43] | ||
| Mouse | alloxan-induced A1AR−/− | A1R | Glomerular Injury - | [44] | ||
| Mouse | STZ | The A2BR agonist | Endothelial A2BR | Glomerular Injury↓ | [49] | |
| Mouse | STZ with CD73−/− | Adenosine | Glomerular Injury↑ | [49] | ||
| Mouse | STZ with CD39−/− | ATP/UTP | Glomerular inflammation↑ | [50] | ||
| Mouse | HFD | The P2X7R agonist | P2X7R | Renal inflammation and injury↑ | [54] | |
| P2X7R−/− | Renal inflammation and injury↓ |
ADO: adenosine; CD39: ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase; CD73: ecto-5′-nucleotidase; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; GK: Goto Kakizaki; HFD: high fat diet; Ins2: also known as Akita+/−, a naturally occurring diabetic model; RBF: renal blood flow; STZ: streptozotocin; Up4A: uridine adenosine tetraphosphate; ↑: increased effect; ↓: decreased effect; −: no effect vs. control group.