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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nano Today. 2020 Jun 20;34:100898. doi: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.100898

Fig.4.

Fig.4.

A. (i) Full-thickness penetration of positively charged Avidin in rabbit femoral cartilage within 24 h of IA injection. Adapted from [53]. (ii) IHC staining shows presence of Avidin in rabbit cartilage even at 3 weeks after ACLT surgery. (iii) μCT of femoral condyles show significantly suppressed osteophyte volume with Av-Dex compared to free Dex. Adapted from ref [16]. Printed with permission from AO Research Institute Davos. B. (i) Multi-arm Avidin nanoconstruct conjugated to Dex (mAv-Dex) using ester linkers. (ii) Safranin-O/fast green staining of cartilage explants shows mAv-Dex significantly suppressed IL-1 induced GAG loss compared to free Dex over 16 days. Adapted from ref [55]. Printed with permission from Elsevier. C. Cationic PAMAM dendrimer for IGF-1 delivery. (i) 3D reconstruction of multiphoton microscopy of rat cartilage. Gen 6 45 % PEG-IGF-1 PAMAM dendrimer shows superior intra-cartilage penetration and retention compared to free IGF-1 at 6 days post IA injection in rats. Aggrecans, collagen and IGF-1 are marked in red, grey and blue, respectively. (ii) Toluidine blue/fast green staining of rat cartilage show PEG-IGF-1 dendrimer suppressed GAG loss greaterthan free IGF-1 after 4 weeks of ACLT surgery. Adapted from ref [35]. Printed with permission from The American Association for the Advancement of Science. D. (i) DOTAM nanoparticles with collagen II targeting peptide (TP) and amines. (ii) Fluorescent images show increased DOTAM-TP retention in mice knees 48 h post IA injection compared to control probe. (iii) Histological analysis of mice cartilage show intra-cartilage localization and retention of DOTAM-TP. Adapted from ref [63]. Printed with permission from American Chemical Society.