Table 1. Characteristic of the chronic pain group and the non-chronic pain group.
| Characteristics | Total (n = 201) | Chronic pain (n = 84) | Non-chronic pain (n = 117) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 71.8 (8.8) | 72.4(8.8) | 71.5 (8.8) | n.s. |
| Height, cm | 151.7 (5.9) | 151.2 (5.6) | 152.1 (6.0) | n.s. |
| Weight, kg | 50.9 (8.1) | 51.8 (8.3) | 50.4 (7.9) | n.s. |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 22.1 (3.3) | 22.6 (3.2) | 22.6 (3.2) | n.s. |
| BFM | 16.0 (5.6) | 16.5 (5.9) | 15.7 (5.3) | n.s. |
| SMI | 5.7 (0.9) | 5.7 (0.7) | 5.6 (0.7) | n.s. |
| MMSE | 29 (1.9) | 29.1 (1.7) | 28.9 (1.9) | n.s. |
| NRS at the site of maximum pain | 3.2 (2.1) | 3.8 (1.7) | 0.9 (1.5) | <0.01 |
| Site of pain, n (%) | ||||
| Neck | 4 (2.0) | 3 (3.6) | 1 (0.9) | n.s. |
| Shoulder | 32 (15.9) | 26 (31.0) | 6 (5.1) | <0.01 |
| Upper limb | 7 (3.5) | 7 (8.3) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| Lumbar | 47 (23.4) | 41 (49.4) | 6 (5.1) | <0.01 |
| Hip | 9 (3.9) | 8 (9.5) | 1 (0.9) | <0.01 |
| Knee | 43 (23.4) | 38 (45.2) | 5 (4.3) | <0.01 |
| Under knee | 24 (11.9) | 20 (23.8) | 4 (3.4) | <0.01 |
| PCS total score | 15.8 (11.7) | 18.5 (9.3) | 13.9 (12.8) | <0.01 |
| Rumination | 8.3 (5.5) | 9.9 (4.5) | 7.2 (5.9) | <0.01 |
| Helplessness | 4.4 (4.2) | 5.1 (3.5) | 3.9 (4.6) | <0.01 |
| Magnification | 3.1 (3.2) | 3.5 (3.0) | 2.7 (3.3) | <0.01 |
| CSI | 7.9 (3.2) | 9.8 (6.3) | 6.4 (4.8) | <0.01 |
| GDS score | 3.6 (2.8) | 4.1 (3.2) | 3.3 (2.5) | <0.05 |
| Gait speed, m/s | 1.29 (0.2) | 1.25 (0.22) | 1.31 (0.19) | <0.05 |
| Grip strength, kg | 21 (4.3) | 20.1 (4.5) | 21.1 (4.5) | n.s. |
BFM: body fat mass, BMI: body mass index, CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory, GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale-15, n.s.: non-significant, PCS: Pain Catastrophizing Scale, SMI: skeletal muscle mass index.