Table 2. Hierarchical regression analysis identifying the factors associated with the presence of chronic pain.

Independent variables	OR	95% CI	p-value
Model 1
Age	1	0.97–1.04	0.9
Height	0.81	0.56–1.17	0,27
Weight	1.32	0.77–2.27	0,31
BMI	0.56	0.16–1.98	0.37
Model 2
Age	0.99	0.96–1.04	0.96
Height	0.8	0.55–1.17	0.25
Weight	1.35	0.77–2.35	0.29
BMI	0.54	0.15–1.98	0.36
Rumination	1.11	1.03–1.19	<0.01
Helplessness	0.97	0.88–1.01	0.54
GDS score	1.07	0.96–1.19	0.2
Model 3
Age	1	0.98–1.08	0.69
Height	0.74	0.51–1.46	0.15
Weight	1.48	0.58–2.76	0.19
BMI	0.43	0.11–3.87	0.23
Rumination	1,09	0.94–1.14	0.03
Helplessness	0.97	0.88–1.19	0.48
GDS score	0.97	0.84–1.1	0.63
CSI	1.12	0.92–1.2	<0.01
Model 4
Age	1	0.96–1.04	0.86
Height	0.73	0.49–1.09	0.13
Weight	1.53	0.85–2.77	0.16
BMI	0.39	0.1–1.56	0.19
Rumination	1.09	1.01–1.18	0.03
Helplessness	0.96	0.88–1.06	0.41
GDS score	0.97	0.86–1.1	0.66
CSI	1.11	1.04–1.19	<0.01
Gait speed (m/s)	0.45	0.85–2.4	0.35

BMI: body mass index, CSI: Central Sensitization Inventory, GDS-15: Geriatric Depression Scale-15.