Table 1. Maternal characteristics of HIV positive mothers (n = 36) stratified by HIV status of their infants.
| HIV+ Mothers | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| HIV- Infants | HIV+ Infants | ||
| Maternal Characteristic | n = 27 | n = 9 | |
| Age, y | 32.6±5.0 | 30.9±5.0 | 0.38 |
| Height, cm | 159.6±6.3 | 158.9±7.7 | 0.78 |
| Body weight, kg | 60.6±9.8 | 57.2±9.3 | 0.36 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 23.8±3.8 | 22.6±4.0 | 0.43 |
| < 18.5, % | 4 | 11 | 0.71 |
| 18.5–24.9, % | 63 | 67 | |
| 25.0–29.9, % | 26 | 22 | |
| ≥ 30.0, % | 7 | 0 | |
| Season of examination | |||
| Spring/Summer, % | 11 | 78 | <0.001 |
| Fall/Winter, % | 89 | 22 | |
| cART, % | 70 | 67 | 0.84 |
| Efavirenz-containing regimens, % | 37 | 56 | 0.33 |
| Serum vitamin D and nutrition indicators* | |||
| 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 40.5±2.5 | 27.2±4.9 | 0.03 |
| < 20.0, % | 11 | 11 | 0.002 |
| 20–29.9, % | 4 | 56 | |
| ≥ 30.0, % | 85 | 33 | |
| 1,25(OH)D, pg/mL† | 41.8±4.9 | 44.8±9.4 | 0.79 |
| PTH, pg/mL† | 35.7±2.7 | 24.6±5.2 | 0.09 |
| Magnesium, mmol/L | 0.96±0.02 | 0.87±0.04 | 0.06 |
| Phosphorus, mmol/L | 1.10±0.03 | 1.14±0.05 | 0.53 |
| Calcium, mmol/L | 2.26±0.02 | 2.25±0.04 | 0.49 |
| Albumin, g/L | 39.1±0.7 | 35.6±1.3 | 0.04 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or a least square means (LSM) ± standard error of the mean (SEM) for continuous variables, and as percent for distribution of categorical variables. HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; BMI = body mass index; cART = combined antiretroviral therapy; 25(OH)D = 25-hydroxyvitamin D; 1,25(OH)D = 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D; PTH = intact parathyroid hormone.
*Results are reported as LSM ± SEM from analyses of covariance, adjusting for season of examination.
†Sample sizes are n = 26 for mothers of HIV- infants and n = 9 for mothers of HIV+ infants.