Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of COVID-19 patients included in the study
| Variable | Total (n = 105) | Age < 85 years (n = 75) | Age ≥ 85 years (n = 30) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD | 73.7 ± 14.6 | 67.1 ± 11.8 | 90.3 ± 3.9 | 0.000 |
| Male, n (%) | 61 (58) | 54 (72) | 7 (23.3) | 0.000 |
| Symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fever | 81 (77.1) | 61 | 20 | ns |
| Dyspnea | 74 (70.4) | 50 | 24 | ns |
| Cough | 67 (63.8) | 53 | 14 | 0.02 |
| GI | 12 (11.4) | 10 | 2 | ns |
| Days from symptoms onset to admission, median (1st–3rd quartiles) | 8 (1–11) | 9 (5–12) | 1 (0–9) | 0.001 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 58 (55.2) | 40 | 18 | ns |
| Diabetes | 13 (12.3) | 8 | 5 | ns |
| Obesity | 15 (14.2) | 9 | 6 | ns |
| Smoking habit | 11 (10.4) | 10 | 1 | ns |
| CCI, median (1st–3rd quartiles) | 4 (3–6) | 3 (2–5) | 7 (6–8) | 0.000 |
| PPS, n (%) | ||||
| 0–3 | 20 (19.0) | 20 | 0 | 0.002 |
| ≥ 4 | 85 (81.0) | 55 | 30 | |
| IBRS, n (%) | ||||
| 0–6 | 97 (92.4) | 75 | 22 | 0.000 |
| ≥ 7 | 8 (7.6) | 0 | 8 | |
| NEWS 2, n (%) | ||||
| < 4 | 74 (70.4) | 56 | 18 | ns |
| 5–6 | 26 (24.7) | 17 | 9 | |
| ≥ 7 | 5 (4.7) | 2 | 3 | |
| Disease severity, n (%) | ||||
| Mild-to-moderate | 38 (36.2) | 25 | 13 | ns |
| Severe | 67 (63.8) | 50 | 17 | |
| Creatinine clearance on admission, n (%) | ||||
| < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 12 (11.5) | 3 | 9 | 0.000 |
| 30–60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 21 (20) | 14 | 7 | |
| > 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 | 72 (68.5) | 58 | 14 | |
| Lab tests on admission, median (1st–3rd quartiles) | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 13.1 (11.9–14) | 13.4 (12.2–14.4) | 12.3 (11.1–13.4) | 0.03 |
| Lymphocytes, mm3 | 900 (600–1200) | 900 (700–1400) | 750 (500–1200) | ns |
| Platelets, mm3 | 193 (152–281) | 198 (149–302) | 181 (154–266) | ns |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.8) | ns |
| INR | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.2 (1.2–1.3) | ns |
| aPTT, sec | 30 (28–33) | 30 (29–33) | 28 (27–31) | 0.03 |
| D-dimer, ng/ml FEU | 1437 (810.5–2592) | 1345 (726–2251) | 2038.5 (1310–3540) | 0.01 |
| CRP, mg/L | 77 (37–144.5) | 96 (46–160) | 45 (20–100) | 0.003 |
GI gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomit, diarrhea), CCI charlson comorbidity index, IBRS IMPROVE bleeding risk score, PPS padua prediction score, NEWS 2 national early warning scale 2, FEU fibrinogen equivalent units