Table 2.
Treatment and outcomes in 105 COVID-19 patients treated with LMWH
| Variable | Total (n = 105) | Age < 85 years (n = 75) | Age ≥ 85 years (n = 30) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duration of hospitalization (days), median (1st−3rd quartiles) | 12 (7–16) | 12 (7–16) | 11 (7–18) | ns |
| LMWH dose, n (%) | ||||
| 40 mg/day# | 35 (33.4) | 13 (17.3) | 22 (73.3) | 0.000 |
| 80 mg/day | 66 (62.8) | 58 (77.3) | 8 (26.7) | 0.000 |
| 100 mg/day | 4 (3.8) | 4 (5.4) | 0 (0) | ns |
| Duration of LMWH treatment (days), median (1st−3rd quartiles) | 13 (9–19) | 12 (9–19) | 13 (10–23) | ns |
| Days from symptoms onset to LMWH start, median (1st−3rd quartiles) | 8 (2–12) | 9 (1–13) | 1 (1–9) | 0.009 |
| Concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||
| Proton pump inhibitors | 81 (77.1) | 57 | 24 | ns |
| Antiplatelet agents | 20 (19) | 13 | 7 | ns |
| Corticosteroids | 54 (51.4) | 40 | 14 | ns |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 3 (2.9) | 2 | 1 | ns |
| Darunavir/cobicistat | 10 (9.5) | 9 | 1 | ns |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 84 (80) | 67 | 17 | 0.000 |
| Tocilizumab | 31 (29.5) | 31 | 0 | 0.000 |
| Baricitinib | 2 (1.9) | 2 | 0 | ns |
| Ruxolitinib | 1 (0.9) | 1 | 0 | ns |
| Azithromycin | 9 (8.6) | 7 | 2 | ns |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | 80 (76.2) | 56 (74.7) | 24 (80) | ns |
| On-top oxygen treatment, n (%) | ||||
| Venturi mask | 45 (42.8) | 28 | 17 | ns |
| Reservoir | 12 (11.4) | 6 | 6 | ns |
| NIMV | 23 (21.9) | 21 | 2 | 0.01 |
| Duration of follow-up (days), median (1st−3rd quartiles) | 36 (24–43) | 40 (25–46) | 25 (17–39) | 0.001 |
| Death, n (%) | 22 (21) | 10 (13.3) | 12 (40) | 0.002 |
| In-hospital | 19 | 9 | 11 | |
| After discharge | 3 | 1 | 2 | |
| Death due to fatal hemorrhage, n (%) | 0 (0) | |||
| Admission to ICU, n (%) | 10 (9.5) | 10 (13.3) | 0 (0) | 0.03 |
| Thrombotic events, n (%) | ||||
| Pulmonary embolism | 1 (1) | 1 (1.33) | 0 (0) | ns |
| Deep venous thrombosis | 0 (0) | |||
| Stroke | 0 (0) | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 0 (0) | |||
| Bleeding events, n (%) | ||||
| Total | 2 (1.9) | 1 | 1 | ns |
| Major bleeding (fall in haemoglobin ≥ 2 g/dl or blood transfusions ≥ 2 units) | 2 (1.9) | 1 | 1 | |
| Minor bleeding | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | |
| Thrombocytopenia, n (%) | 4 (3.8) | 3 | 1 | |
| Loss of hemoglobin ≥ 2 g/dl**, n (%) | 21 (21.2) | 16 (23.2) | 5 (17.2) | ns |
| Blood transfusions needed, n (%) | 7 (6.7) | 5 (6.7) | 2 (6.7) | ns |
| One unit | 1 (0.9) | |||
| Two units | 4 (3.8) | |||
| Three units | 2 (1.9) | |||
| LMWH at discharge, n (%) | 28 (32.6) | 22 (33.3) | 26 (30) | ns |
| Lab tests at day 7, median (1st–3rd quartiles) | ||||
| Hemoglobin, g/dl | 12.1 (10.9–13) | 12.2 (11.2–13) | 11.7 (10.4–12.7) | ns |
| Lymphocytes, mm3 | 1000 (500–1500) | 1100 (700–1600) | 700 (350–1000) | 0.001 |
| Platelets, mm3 | 278.5 (186–348) | 297 (217–366) | 217 (167–316) | ns |
| Creatinine, mg/dl | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.75 (0.6–0.9) | 0.85 (0.6–1.6) | ns |
| INR | 1.25 (1.2–1.4) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) | 1.2 (1.2–1.3) | ns |
| aPTT, sec | 29 (27–30) | 30 (27–31) | 28 (27–30) | ns |
| D-dimer, ng/ml FEU | 1360 (869–2294) | 1360 (748–2263) | 1358.5 (1024–2318.5) | ns |
| Creatinine clearance at day 7, n (%)* | ||||
| < 30 ml/min/1,73m2 | 11 (11.1) | 1 | 10 | 0.000 |
| 30–60 ml/min/1,73m2 | 15 (15.2) | 9 | 6 | ns |
| > 60 ml/min/1,73m2 | 73 (73.7) | 59 | 14 | 0.002 |
Bold value indicates significant at p < 0.05
LMWH low molecular weight heparin, NIMV non-invasive mechanical ventilation, FEU FIbrinogen equivalent units
#Of which 16 due to reduced creatinine clearance; *6 patients died before day 7; **Laboratory findings without evidence of bleedings