Table 1.
Overview of RCTs examining the effects of MBIs on sleep outcomes among cancer survivors
| Study | Sample size, sex, stage/type of cancer | Sleep endpoint type | Subjective plus objective sleep measure | Sleep is a screening criteria for enrollment | Cancer screening criteria for enrollment | Level of sleep problems at baseline | MBI | Control | Significant improvement at immediate post-intervention (Cohen’s d) | Significant improvement at follow-up (Cohen’s d) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lengacher et al. (2015) [14••] | N = 79 W, stage 0–III breast cancer | Primary | Yes | No | In treatment | Moderate | MBSR | Usual care | No (not reported) | Wrist-worn actigraphy: SE% (0.33), number of waking bouts (0.38) at 1.5 months |
| Garland et al. (2014) [13••] | N = 111 (80 W, 31 M), breast (48%), prostate (11%) | Primary | Yes | Yes (Insomnia) | In treatment | High | MBSR | CBT-I | ISI (1.39); PSQI (0.62), sleep diary: SOL (0.29), WASO (0.89), TST (0.22), SE% (0.62) | ISI (1.52); PSQI (1.04); sleep diary: SOL (0.78), WASO (1.04), TST (0.95), SE% (0.94) at 3 months |
| Johns et al. (2015) [19••] | N = 35 (33 W, 2 M), stage 0–III breast (85 J%); hematologic (11%) | Secondary | No | No | In treatment (excluding hormone therapy) | Moderate | MBSR | Wait-list | ISI(0.74) | ISI (1.00) at 1 month |
| Bower et al. (2015) [18••] | N = 71 W, stage 0–III breast | Secondary | No | No | In treatment (excluding hormone therapy) | Moderate | MAPs | Wait-list | PSQI (not reported) | No |
| Andersen et al. (2013) [17••] | N = 336 W, stage I–III breast | Secondary | No | No | None | Low | MBSR | Usual Care | SPI-I (not reported); SPI-II (0.24); MOS sleep disturbance (not reported) | No |
| Shapiro et al. (2003) [16••] | N = 63 W, stage II breast | Secondary | No | No | In treatment | Low-Moderate | MBSR | Free-choice | No (not reported) | No |
Notes. W women,M men, MBI mindfulness-based intervention, MBSR mindfulness-based stress reduction, MAPs mindful awareness practices, CBT-I Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia, SE sleep efficiency, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SOL sleep onset latency, WASO wake after sleep onset, TST total time sleeping, SPI-I Sleep Problem Index I, SPI-II Sleep Problem Index II, MOS Medical Outcome Study sleep scale