Table.
Baseline characteristics and subsequent COVID-19-related deaths in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in England up to May 11, 2020
|
Type 1 diabetes |
Type 2 diabetes |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population (n=264 390) | Deaths (n=464) | Population (n=2 874 020) | Deaths (n=10 525) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 149 680 (56·6%) | 284 (61·2%) | 1 606 430 (55·9%) | 6456 (61·3%) |
| Female | 114 710 (43·4%) | 180 (38·8%) | 1 267 590 (44·1%) | 4069 (38·7%) |
| Age, years | ||||
| <40 | 100 860 (38·1%) | 6 (1·3%) | 67 845 (2·4%) | 24 (0·2%) |
| 40–49 | 41 745 (15·8%) | 17 (3·7%) | 213 180 (7·4%) | 98 (0·9%) |
| 50–59 | 49 220 (18·6%) | 56 (12·1%) | 520 480 (18·1%) | 485 (4·6%) |
| 60–69 | 36 230 (13·7%) | 84 (18·1%) | 724 990 (25·2%) | 1274 (12·1%) |
| 70–79 | 24 290 (9·2%) | 115 (24·8%) | 769 175 (26·8%) | 2694 (25·6%) |
| ≥80 | 12 045 (4·6%) | 186 (40·1%) | 578 345 (20·1%) | 5950 (56·5%) |
| Index of multiple deprivation quintile | ||||
| 1 (most deprived) | 56 280 (21·3%) | 133 (28·7%) | 700 915 (24·4%) | 2817 (26·8%) |
| 2 | 54 260 (20·5%) | 106 (22·8%) | 641 610 (22·3%) | 2558 (24·3%) |
| 3 | 53 345 (20·2%) | 109 (23·5%) | 575 030 (20·0%) | 1983 (18·8%) |
| 4 | 51 360 (19·4%) | 67 (14·4%) | 513 925 (17·9%) | 1692 (16·1%) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 48 975 (18·5%) | 49 (10·6%) | 440 990 (15·3%) | 1468 (13·9%) |
| Missing data | 175 (0·1%) | 0 | 1555 (0·1%) | 7 (0·1%) |
| Region | ||||
| London | 33 330 (12·6%) | 106 (22·8%) | 466 165 (16·2%) | 2557 (24·3%) |
| South West | 27 525 (10·4%) | 28 (6·0%) | 271 770 (9·5%) | 590 (5·6%) |
| South East | 41 540 (15·7%) | 42 (9·1%) | 401 810 (14·0%) | 1331 (12·6%) |
| Midlands | 53 210 (20·1%) | 120 (25·9%) | 584 905 (20·4%) | 2061 (19·6%) |
| East of England | 32 590 (12·3%) | 61 (13·1%) | 312 035 (10·9%) | 980 (9·3%) |
| North West | 32 170 (12·2%) | 52 (11·2%) | 373 310 (13·0%) | 1493 (14·2%) |
| North East and Yorkshire | 43 850 (16·6%) | 55 (11·9%) | 462 480 (16·1%) | 1506 (14·3%) |
| Missing data | 175 (0·1%) | 0 | 1555 (0·1%) | 7 (0·1%) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Asian | 14 725 (5·6%) | 60 (12·9%) | 403 355 (14·0%) | 1313 (12·5%) |
| Black | 9310 (3·5%) | 47 (10·1%) | 137 695 (4·8%) | 884 (8·4%) |
| Mixed | 3230 (1·2%) | NA | 30 885 (1·1%) | 133 (1·3%) |
| Other* | 4035 (1·5%) | 11 (2·4%) | 47 570 (1·7%) | 164 (1·6%) |
| White | 210 415 (79·6%) | 314 (67·7%) | 1 897 575 (66·0%) | 7105 (67·5%) |
| Missing data | 22 675 (8·6%) | 28 (6·0%) | 356 945 (12·4%) | 926 (8·8%) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol (%) | ||||
| <48 (<6·5%) | 17 950 (6·8%) | 50 (10·8%) | 721 950 (25·1%) | 2789 (26·5%) |
| 48–53 (6·5–7·0%) | 21 550 (8·2%) | 38 (8·2%) | 591 815 (20·6%) | 1811 (17·2%) |
| 54–58 (7·1–7·5%) | 25 200 (9·5%) | 31 (6·7%) | 365 955 (12·7%) | 1151 (10·9%) |
| 59–74 (7·6–8·9%) | 77 380 (29·3%) | 133 (28·7%) | 551 530 (19·2%) | 1988 (18·9%) |
| 75–85 (9·0–9·9%) | 30 150 (11·4%) | 55 (11·9%) | 157 030 (5·5%) | 588 (5·6%) |
| ≥86 (≥10·0%) | 31 280 (11·8%) | 76 (16·4%) | 174 835 (6·1%) | 674 (6·4%) |
| Missing data | 60 885 (23·0%) | 81 (17·5%) | 310 905 (10·8%) | 1524 (14·5%) |
| Duration of diagnosed diabetes, years | ||||
| <1 | 840 (0·3%) | NA | 25 940 (0·9%) | 53 (0·5%) |
| 2–3 | 14 690 (5·6%) | 6 (1·3%) | 378 905 (13·2%) | 728 (6·9%) |
| 4–5 | 16 335 (6·2%) | NA | 374 960 (13·0%) | 877 (8·3%) |
| 5–9 | 37 465 (14·2%) | 18 (3·9%) | 792 110 (27·6%) | 2158 (20·5%) |
| 10–14 | 39 940 (15·1%) | 45 (9·7%) | 628 730 (21·9%) | 2315 (22·0%) |
| 15–20 | 42 820 (16·2%) | 108 (23·3%) | 426 890 (14·9%) | 2378 (22·6%) |
| ≥20 | 112 305 (42·5%) | 282 (60·8%) | 246 475 (8·6%) | 2016 (19·2%) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | ||||
| <20·0 | 19 990 (7·6%) | 28 (6·0%) | 42 160 (1·5%) | 488 (4·6%) |
| 20·0–24·9 | 73 950 (28·0%) | 109 (23·5%) | 398 390 (13·9%) | 2143 (20·4%) |
| 25·0–29·9 | 82 005 (31·0%) | 107 (23·1%) | 905 290 (31·5%) | 2962 (28·1%) |
| 30·0–34·9 | 42 095 (15·9%) | 98 (21·1%) | 743 100 (25·9%) | 2097 (19·9%) |
| 35·0–39·9 | 15 455 (5·8%) | 44 (9·5%) | 367 230 (12·8%) | 975 (9·3%) |
| ≥40·0 | 8160 (3·1%) | 29 (6·3%) | 241 570 (8·4%) | 676 (6·4%) |
| Missing data | 22 740 (8·6%) | 49 (10·6%) | 176 280 (6·1%) | 1184 (11·2%) |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | ||||
| ≤140 | 173 870 (65·8%) | 301 (64·9%) | 1 922 985 (66·9%) | 7141 (67·8%) |
| >140 | 44 750 (16·9%) | 124 (26·7%) | 690 215 (24·0%) | 2602 (24·7%) |
| Missing data | 45 775 (17·3%) | 39 (8·4%) | 260 825 (9·1%) | 782 (7·4%) |
| On antihypertensive drugs | ||||
| Yes | 115 660 (43·7%) | 393 (84·7%) | 2 185 920 (76·1%) | 9241 (87·8%) |
| No | 146 040 (55·2%) | 65 (14·0%) | 665 825 (23·2%) | 1200 (11·4%) |
| Missing data | 2685 (1·0%) | 6 (1·3%) | 22 215 (0·8%) | 84 (0·8%) |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | ||||
| ≤5 | 133 765 (50·6%) | 282 (60·8%) | 1 935 740 (67·4%) | 6694 (63·6%) |
| >5 | 46 635 (17·6%) | 65 (14·0%) | 508 185 (17·7%) | 1416 (13·5%) |
| Missing data | 83 990 (31·8%) | 117 (25·2%) | 430 100 (15·0%) | 2415 (22·9%) |
| On statins | ||||
| Yes | 118 995 (45·0%) | 338 (72·8%) | 2 099 505 (73·1%) | 7355 (69·9%) |
| No | 142 710 (54·0%) | 120 (25·9%) | 752 245 (26·2%) | 3086 (29·3%) |
| Missing data | 2685 (1·0%) | 6 (1·3%) | 22 215 (0·8%) | 84 (0·8%) |
| Tobacco smoking status | ||||
| Current smoker | 43 365 (16·4%) | 41 (8·8%) | 368 515 (12·8%) | 568 (5·4%) |
| Ex-smoker | 61 605 (23·3%) | 175 (37·7%) | 1 006 465 (35·0%) | 4509 (42·8%) |
| Non-smoker | 6245 (2·4%) | 12 (2·6%) | 50 480 (1·8%) | 280 (2·7%) |
| Never smoked | 139 525 (52·8%) | 236 (50·9%) | 1 446 110 (50·3%) | 5150 (48·9%) |
| Missing data | 13 645 (5·2%) | 0 | 2460 (0·1%) | 18 (0·2%) |
| eGFR, mL/min per 1·73 m2 | ||||
| ≥90 | 125 475 (47·5%) | 76 (16·4%) | 1 072 390 (37·3%) | 1989 (18·9%) |
| 60–89 | 72 940 (27·6%) | 127 (27·4%) | 1 225 575 (42·6%) | 3721 (35·4%) |
| 45–59 | 13 445 (5·1%) | 89 (19·2%) | 307 705 (10·7%) | 2060 (19·6%) |
| 30–44 | 7475 (2·8%) | 72 (15·5%) | 145 560 (5·1%) | 1577 (15·0%) |
| 15–29 | 3280 (1·2%) | 42 (9·1%) | 40 195 (1·4%) | 644 (6·1%) |
| <15 | 1845 (0·7%) | 38 (8·2%) | 10 560 (0·4%) | 315 (3·0%) |
| Missing data | 39 925 (15·1%) | 20 (4·3%) | 72 040 (2·5%) | 219 (2·1%) |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Previous myocardial infarction | 3095 (1·2%) | 31 (6·7%) | 48 340 (1·7%) | 425 (4·0%) |
| Previous stroke | 3160 (1·2%) | 51 (11·0%) | 57 095 (2·0%) | 813 (7·7%) |
| Previous heart failure | 6825 (2·6%) | 111 (23·9%) | 138 045 (4·8%) | 2148 (20·4%) |
| Any cardiovascular or renal morbidity† | 31 790 (12·0%) | 289 (62·3%) | 624 995 (21·7%) | 5833 (55·4%) |
Data are n (%). Percentages might not sum to 100% because of rounding. The numbers of people in each category have been rounded to the nearest five people to comply with information governance rules. Cells marked NA (not available) indicate that data for a small number of people (one to four) are not shown to comply with information governance rules. eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*
Including Vietnamese, Japanese, Filipino, Malaysian, and any other ethnicity.
†
Defined as a previous myocardial infarction, stroke, hospital admission for heart failure, or eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1·73 m2.