Table 2. List of LTP/LTD experiments in the cortex.

The first column labels the experimental data set and names the underlying study. The second column shows the considered synaptic pathway and the third column shows whether the observed LTP/LTD had a pre- or post-synaptic origin. The fourth and fifth columns show the frequency (in Hz) of stimulation and the number of pulses delivered, respectively: 10 × 4 means that 10 trains of 4 pulses with 10 ms interval (100 Hz) were delivered, and likewise, 25 × 5 means that 25 trains of 5 pulses with 10 ms interval were delivered. The sixth column tells whether the data were obtained in control conditions or under additional blockers or agonists. The seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth columns show the relative change in synaptic strength 10, 15, and 20 min after the start of the stimulus protocol and an average SD of the relative synaptic strengths — these values were approximated from the LTP/LTD curves plotted in the underlying references. The rows correspond to experiments from a given reference that are divided to 11 different experimental data sets. Within each data set, the underlying system is assumed to be otherwise similar to the control except for the applied modifier: as an example, the chemical or genetic blockade of CaMKII activity (as performed in Ma et al., 2008 and Hardingham et al., 2003) is here expected to only affect the ability of CaMKII to autophosphorylate, and the rest of the model parameters are kept fixed. The experiments printed in grey were included in the underlying study, but were excluded from the main analyses of the present work (see main text). EC – entorhinal cortex; PFC – prefrontal cortex; BC – barrel cortex; ACC – anterior cingulate cortex; VC – visual cortex; AuC – auditory cortex; CC – corpus callosum. (*): The LFS of 900 3-ms pulses at 5 Hz in data sets VC-1 and VC-2 was replaced by 180 15-ms pulses at 1 Hz to decrease computational load in the optimisation.

Data set	Reference	Pathway	Pre/post	Freq.	Npulses	Experiment	10 min	15 min	20 min	SD
EC-1	Ma et al., 2008	horizontal	mostly	100	100	control	1.3	1.4	1.3	0.1
			post			CaMKII blocked	1.05	1.02	0.95	0.07
						without post-syn. Ca2+	1.05	1.05	1.1	0.09
EC-2	Ma et al., 2008	ascending	mostly	100	100	control	1.6	1.6	1.6	0.11
			post			PKA blocked	1.4	1.4	1.4	0.13
						without post-syn. Ca2+	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.13
PFC-1	Sáez-Briones et al., 2015	CC→PFC	n/a	312	156	control	2.0	1.98	1.9	0.08
						without $\beta$-adrenergic ligand	1.34	1.4	1.36	0.09
PFC-2	Flores et al., 2011	CC→PFC	n/a	312	156	control	1.7	1.6	1.64	0.12
						without $\beta$−1-receptor agonist	1.43	1.45	1.43	0.1
BC	Hardingham et al., 2003	L4→L2/3	n/a	5	10 × 4	control	1.35	1.4	1.3	0.09
						CaMKII mutant	1.25	1.2	1.1	0.09
ACC	Song et al., 2017	L5/6 → L2/3	post	5	10 × 4	control	1.55	1.4	1.4	0.05
						without s845	1.1	1.05	1.05	0.07
						without s831	1.35	1.4	1.3	0.1
PFC-3	Zhou et al., 2013	L2/3 → L2/3	mostly	0.1	50	control	1.3	1.4	1.4	0.14
			post			without $\beta$−1-receptor agonist	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.13
VC-1	Kirkwood et al., 1997	L4 → L3	n/a	5	10 × 4	(CTR, HFS)	1.3	1.26	1.26	0.07
(adult)						(without CaMKII, HFS)	1.02	1.02	1.02	0.02
				5	900*	(CTR, LFS)	n/a	0.95	0.95	0.05
						(without CaMKII, LFS)	n/a	0.88	0.93	0.03
VC-2	Kirkwood et al., 1997	L4 → L3	n/a	5	10 × 4	(CTR, HFS)	1.2	1.18	1.18	0.05
(4–5 w)						(without CaMKII, HFS)	1.07	1.09	1.08	0.03
				5	900*	(CTR, LFS)	n/a	0.79	0.82	0.03
						(without CaMKII, LFS)	n/a	0.82	0.89	0.03
AuC-1	Kotak et al., 2007	L6 → L5	n/a	1	25 × 5	LTP-expressing cells	1.98	1.58	1.93	0.19
AuC-2	Kotak et al., 2007	L6 → L5	n/a	1	25 × 5	LTD-expressing cells	0.77	0.68	0.67	0.09