Table 1.
Mean ± standard deviation (SD) of sex differences in sleep and circadian measures.
| Measures | Females (n = 88) | Males (n = 62) | F | p | η2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actigraphy total sleep time (min) | 418.67 (50.72) | 406.11 (56.86) | 1.78 | 0.185 | 0.01 |
| Actigraphy sleep efficiency (%) | 83.65 (4.22) | 83.30 (3.68) | 0.23 | 0.630 | 0.00 |
| Actigraphy sleep periods (#) | 1.16 (0.16) | 1.10 (0.14) | 5.84* | 0.017 | 0.04 |
| DLMO (h) | 21.72 (1.40) | 22.46 (1.43) | 8.40** | 0.004 | 0.07 |
| Activity counts (actigraphy-measured) | 195.00 (53.00) | 184.98 (46.06) | 1.10 | 0.298 | 0.01 |
| MEQ score | 45.69 (8.36) | 45.96 (9.75) | 0.00 | 0.971 | 0.00 |
| Self-report total sleep time (min) | 437.03 (60.00) | 437.72 (59.71) | 0.00 | 0.973 | 0.00 |
| Self-report sleep efficiency (%) | 85.77 (9.43) | 88.78 (7.42) | 4.18* | 0.043 | 0.03 |
F = F-statistic; p = p-value; η2 = eta squared; min = minutes; # = number; h = hour; DLMO Dim Light Melatonin Onset, MEQ Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire.
*p ≤ 0.05; **p < 0.01.