Table 2.

Summary of Randomized Control Trials (RCT) for Evaluating HCQ for COVID-19 Treatment.

Study Design	Pts	Study Groups	Results: Primary/Secondary Outcomes	Methodological Issues
RCT24	150	1. HCQ 2. SOC	No Sig.Dif. in virological cure rates at day 28	Open-label study
RCT23	30	1. HCQ 2. SOC	Primary Outcome No Sig.Dif. in virological cure rates (HCQ 86.7% vs SOC 93.3%; P>0.05) Secondary Outcome No Sig.Dif. for time to body temperature normalization and improvement in follow-up examinations	Published only in Chinese Small-scale study
Preliminary data from RCT22	4674	1. HCQ 2. SOC	Primary Outcome No Sig.Dif. in survival rates at 28 days (25.7% vs 23.5% in treatment versus SOC, HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.98–1.26]; P=0.10) Secondary Outcome No impact of HCQ Tx on length of hospitalization	Preliminary results; not yet peer-reviewed
RCT25	667	1. HCQ 2. HCQ+AZ 3. SOC	Primary Outcome No clinical status benefit at 15 days Secondary Outcome No mortality benefit For HCQ Pts and HCQ+AZ: Increased incidence of QTc prolongation and elevated liver enzymes in both treatment groups when compared to SOC

AZ, azithromycin; CI, confidence interval; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HR, hazard ratio; Sig.Dif., significant difference(s); SOC, standard of care.