Table 5.
Vaccines for Pandemic Diseases.*
| Disease | R0 | Vaccine(s) | Current Number of Cases/Year |
|---|---|---|---|
| Smallpox | 3.5–6 | Yes† | None |
| Measles | 12–18 | Yes† | 5M |
| Plague | ‡ | Yes† | 0.5K |
| Cholera | ‡ | Yes† | 1.4–4M |
| Yellow fever | ‡ | Yes§ | 200K |
| Influenza H1N1 | 1.4–2.8 | Yes† | >5M; various types of influenza |
| Influenza H3N2 | 1.5 | Yes† | >5M; various types of influenza |
| Influenza H2N2 | 1.5 | Yes† | >5M; various types of influenza |
| AIDS | ‡ | None | 1.7M |
| SARS | 0.19–1.08 | None | None |
| Ebola | 1.5–1.9 | Yes† | 0–several thousands |
| MERS | 0.3–0.8 | None | 0–0.3K |
| COVID-19 | 2.5 | None | >10M** |
*
Only approved vaccines are included.
†
Various types available.
‡
Difficult to assess.
§
Live attenuated vaccine, single shot gives life-time immunity.
**
During a 6-month period.
AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; H1N1, hemagglutinin-1 neuraminidase-1; H2N2, hemagglutinin-2 neuraminidase-2; H3N2, hemagglutinin-3 neuraminidase-2; K, thousands; M, millions; MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome; R0, basic reproduction number; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome.