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. 2020 Aug 7;8:679. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00679

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Copyright © 2020 Riddiford.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Top: Diagram of brain and corpus allatum (CA) of Rhodnius (modified from Figure 2 in Wigglesworth, 1934); Rhodnius 5th instar (N5), supernumerary 6th instar (N6), and parabiosed, fed and decapitated (decap) 4th instar (N4) (top one decapitated one week after feeding, the bottom 1 day after feeding) nymphs [photos from Plates I and II in Wigglesworth (1954), reproduced with permission]. Bottom: Cartoon of two parabiosis experiments: (1) (top) a 4th instar nymph decapitated 1 day after feeding and parabiosed to a 5th instar nymph decapitated 8 days after feeding (thus ready to molt) molted to a precocious adult; (2) a parabiosed 4th instar nymph with only the tip of the head removed (leaving the CA intact) 6 days after feeding parabiosed to a 5th instar nymph decapitated only 1 day after feeding caused the latter to molt to a supernumerary 6th instar nymph (Wigglesworth, 1934). See text for details. ao, aorta; eso, esophagus; sg, sympathetic ganglion; SOG, subesophageal ganglion.