Table 1.
Characteristics of the variables that defined binocular vision.
| Distance | Near | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean ± SD | Inside the norm (%) | Variable | Mean ± SD | Inside the norm (%) | ||
| Sheard's criterion (n = 104) | — | 83 (78.3) | Sheard's criterion (n = 104) | — | 49 (46.2) | ||
| Lateral phoria, Δ (n = 106) | 0.54 ± 2.25 X | 91 (85.8) | Lateral phoria, Δ (n = 106) | −5.74 ± 6.92 X | 56 (52.8) | ||
| NFV, Δ | Break (n = 105) | 8.45 ± 2.27 | 88 (83.0) | NFV, Δ | Blur (n = 82) | 10.98 ± 4.58 | 45 (42.5) |
| Break (n = 106) | 17.20 ± 5.16 | 60 (56.6) | |||||
| Recovery (n = 105) | 4.48 ± 1.85 | 94 (88.7) | Recovery (n = 106) | 11.53 ± 4.71 | 78 (73.6) | ||
| PFV, Δ | Blur (n = 73) | 10.01 ± 4.56 | 50 (47.2) | PFV, Δ | Blur (n = 78) | 10.86 ± 5.80 | 27 (25.5) |
| Break (n = 101) | 16.15 ± 6.84 | 70 (66.2) | Break (n = 103) | 16.94 ± 7.41 | 41 (38.7) | ||
| Recovery (n = 101) | 8.06 ± 4.55 | 73 (68.9) | Recovery (n = 103) | 9.38 ± 5.87 | 88 (83.0) | ||
| Vergence facility (cpm) | Not described | Vergence facility (cpm) (n = 85) | 9.51 ± 4.67 | 16 (15.1) | |||
SD: standard deviation; Δ: prism diopters; X: exophoria; NFV: negative fusional vergence; PFV: positive fusional vergence; cpm: cycles per minute.