Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients in each group.
| Characteristics | Standard care group | Self-monitoring group | Remote monitoring group | P value | |
| Age (years) |
|
|
|
.86 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 40 | 41 | 41 |
|
|
|
Mean (SD) | 72.78 (9.16) | 71.76 (7.28) | 71.98 (9.52) |
|
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
|
.93 | |
|
|
Female | 19 (48) | 18 (44) | 18 (44) |
|
|
|
Male | 21 (52) | 23 (56) | 23 (56) |
|
| Patients with caregiver (%) | 75 | 83 | 76 | .63 | |
| Years since diagnosis of COPDa |
|
|
|
.32 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 36 | 40 | 38 |
|
|
|
Median | 4 | 4.5 | 7 |
|
|
|
MADb | 3.71 | 5.19 | 4.45 |
|
| Currently smoking (%) | 23 | 12 | 24 | .32 | |
| Never smoked (%) | 3 | 11 | 23 | .07 | |
| Years since quitting smoking |
|
|
|
.63 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 29 | 31 | 24 |
|
|
|
Median | 15 | 15 | 13 |
|
|
|
MAD | 17.79 | 10.38 | 11.86 |
|
| FEV1 % Prec |
|
|
|
.22 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 35 | 37 | 36 |
|
|
|
Median | 0.45 | 0.53 | 0.50 |
|
|
|
MAD | 0.22 | 0.13 | 0.25 |
|
| FEV1 (L)d |
|
|
|
.09 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 35 | 37 | 36 |
|
|
|
Median | 1.09 | 1.26 | 1.17 |
|
|
|
MAD | 0.47 | 0.67 | 0.43 |
|
| FEV1/FVCe |
|
|
|
.49 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 35 | 37 | 36 |
|
|
|
Median | 0.56 | 0.58 | 0.54 |
|
|
|
MAD | 0.18 | 0.16 | 0.19 |
|
| COPD Assessment Test |
|
|
|
.02 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 31 | 41 | 41 |
|
|
|
Mean (SD) | 20.42 (7.68) | 15.54 (7.65) | 19.15 (8.18) |
|
| Systolic blood pressure |
|
|
|
.54 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 25 | 41 | 40 |
|
|
|
Mean (SD) | 129.36 (15.86) | 129.90 (20.50) | 125.65 (17.34) |
|
| Diastolic blood pressure |
|
|
|
.63 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 25 | 41 | 40 |
|
|
|
Mean (SD) | 76.76 (7.55) | 75.37 (10.63) | 74.48 (8.83) |
|
| BMI |
|
|
|
.08 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 32 | 35 | 31 |
|
|
|
Median | 24.65 | 28.10 | 23.40 |
|
|
|
MAD | 6.67 | 4.15 | 6.52 |
|
| Never been in exercise/rehabilitation (%) | 58 | 68 | 80 | .08 | |
| Never used technology (%) | 68 | 78 | 85 | .16 | |
| No medications on hold (%) | 63 | 59 | 63 | .91 | |
| COPD exacerbations in the past 12 months |
|
|
.17 | ||
|
|
Patients, n | 40 | 40 | 41 |
|
|
|
Median | 1 | 1 | 2 |
|
|
|
MAD | 1.48 | 1.48 | 2.97 |
|
| Emergency department visits in the past 12 months |
|
.61 | |||
|
|
Patients, n | 40 | 41 | 41 |
|
|
|
Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
|
|
MAD | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
| Hospitalizations in the past 12 months |
|
|
|
.72 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 39 | 41 | 41 |
|
|
|
Median | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
|
|
MAD | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|
| Primary care visits in the past 12 months |
|
|
|
.79 | |
|
|
Patients, n | 38 | 40 | 41 |
|
|
|
Median | 1.5 | 1 | 1 |
|
|
|
MAD | 2.22 | 1.48 | 1.48 |
|
aCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
bMAD: median absolute deviation.
cFEV1 % pre: % of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
dFEV1: forced expiratory volume in 1 second.
eFVC: forced vital capacity.