Table 2.
Demographic and clinical data of the 34 patients with EPS.
| No | Sexa/age | Histologyb | Locationc | Preoperative seizuresd | EPSd,e | Seizure causef | Surgical revision | KPIg (preop./discharge) | Seizure-related deficits and complications | Seizure w/in 1 yearj |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | f/74 | Meningioma °I | R medial sphenoidal wing | No | D6: Focal cognitive (aphasia) sz | ? | No | 100/100 | Temporary aphasia & confusion | N/A |
| 2 | f/60 | Meningioma °I | R temporooccipital convexity | No | D3: Focal aware motor szs | ICB | No | 90/90 | No | Yes |
| 3 | f/74 | Meningioma °I | L frontal falx | No | D1: Gen tonic–clonic sz | ? | No | 90/90 | No | Yes |
| 4 | f/68 | Meningioma °I | R frontal convexity | No | D5: Unknown onset tonic–clonic sz | ICB | No | 20/70 | No | No |
| 5 | f/42 | Meningioma °I | L > R olfactory groove | No | D6: Gen tonic–clonic sz | ? | No | 100/90 | No | No |
| 6 | f/61 | Meningioma °I | R medial sphenoidal wing | No | D1: Focal aware motor szs | Oedema | No | 50/30 | Persisting stupor | No |
| 7 | m/43 | Meningioma °I | L frontal convexity | No | D1: Unknown onset tonic–clonic + focal aware motor szs | Infarction | No | 100/100 | No | Yes |
| 8 | f/69 | Meningioma °I | L frontal convexity | No | D1: Focal aware motor szs | SDH | Yes | 90/70 | Temporary aphasia & confusion | No |
| 9 | f/71 | Meningioma °I | Planum sphenoidale (+ l petrosal) | No | D0: Focal aware motor szs | Oedema, ICB | No | 90/70 | No | No |
| 10 | f/71 | Meningioma °I (2x) | L frontal convexity | Focal cognitive (aphasia) sz | D4: Focal cognitive (aphasia) sz | EDH | Yes | 90/80 | No | N/A |
| 11 | f/41 | Meningioma °I | R temporal convexity (multiple) | Focal impaired awareness szs | D6: Focal aware motor szs | Multiple tumours | No | 40/40 | No | No |
| 12 | f/77 | Meningioma °I | L frontal convexity | Focal aware motor szs | D1: Gen tonic–clonic szs (progressing to status epilepticus) | ICB | No | 90/0 h | No | N/A |
| 13 | f/66 | Meningioma °I (recurrent) | R central parasagittal | No | D1: Focal aware motor sz | Oedema | No | 100/90 | Temporary hemiparesis, persisting foot drop | No |
| 14 | f/43 | Meningioma °I (recurrent) | R fronto-basal | No | D2: Gen tonic–clonic sz | ICB | No | 90/90 | No | No |
| 15 | f/70 | Atyp. Meningioma °II | L > R central falx | No | D2: Focal aware motor szs | ICB | No | 100/100 | No | No |
| 16 | f/78 | Atyp. Meningioma °II | L frontal falx | No | D1: Focal aware motor szs (progressing to tonic–clonic) | ICB | No | 100/50 | Temporary hemiparesis, persisting aphasia and confusion | No |
| 17 | f/6 k | Atyp. Meningioma °II | L frontal falx | No | D7: Unknown onset motor sz | Oedema | No | 100/100 | No | No |
| 18 | m/81 | Atyp. Meningioma °II | L frontotemporal convexity | Focal impaired awareness szs | D1: Focal aware motor szs | Infarction, SDH | No | 60/0i | Pneumonia | No |
| 19 | f/75 | Atyp. Meningioma °II | L > R frontal convexity (multiple) | Focal aware motor szs | D8: Focal aware motor szs | Multiple tumours | No | 80/80 | No | Yes |
| 20 | f/81 | Atyp. Meningioma °II | R lateral sphenoid wing | Focal aware motor szs | D5: Gen tonic–clonic sz | Oedema | No | 20/50 | No | No |
| 21 | f/37 | Atyp. Meningioma °II | L frontal convexity | Gen tonic–clonic sz | D2: Unknown onset motor szs | Oedema, hypernatremia | No | 20/40 | No | Yes |
| 22 | m/69 | Atyp. Meningioma, °II (recurrent) | R > L parieto-occipital parasagittal | Focal aware sensory szs (progressing to bilat tonic–clonic) | D10: Gen atonic szs | ? | No | 90/60 | Persisting confusion | Yes |
| 23 | m/36 | Astrocytoma °II, IDH mt, no 1p/19q del | L temporal | No | D2: Focal cognitive (aphasia) sz | Awake craniotomy | No | 100/100 | Temporary aphasia | Yes |
| 24 | m/23 | Astrocytoma °II, IDH mt, no 1p/19q del | L temporoinsular | Focal aware autonomic szs (progressing to bilat tonic–clonic) | D8: Focal aware motor + cognitive (aphasia) szs | SDH, awake craniotomy | No | 90/80 | Temporary hemiparesis and confusion, persisting aphasia | Yes |
| 25 | m/66 | sGBM, IDH mt | R temporal | Focal impaired awareness szs | D5: Focal impared awareness + cognitive (aphasia) szs | EDH, ICB | No | 90/90 | Temporary dysarthria & confusion | No |
| 26 | m/70 | sGBM, IDH mt | R frontal | No | D3: Gen tonic–clonic sz | EDH, ICB | Yes | 80/80 | Temporary confusion | No |
| 27 | m/76 | GBM, IDH wt | R frontal | No | D8: Focal aware motor + cognitive (aphasia) sz | ICB | No | 70/40 | Persisting aphasia & hemiparesis | N/A |
| 28 | m/60 | GBM, IDH wt | L temporal | No | D3: Focal aware motor + cognitive (aphasia) szs | SDH, ICB, hyponatremia | Yes | 100/60 | Temporary hemiparesis & confusion, persisting aphasia | Yes |
| 29 | m/42 | GBM, IDH wt | R frontal | No | D7: Gen tonic–clonic sz | Meningitis | No | 70/70 | No | No |
| 30 | m/84 | GBM, IDH wt | R postcentral | No | D7: Unclassified sz | ICB | No | 90/90 | Temporary aphasia & confusion | N/A |
| 31 | m/57 | GBM, IDH wt | R frontal cingulum | Focal aware motor sz | D0: Focal aware motor szs | Infarction | No | 100/100 | No | N/A |
| 32 | m/54 | Metastasis | R central (+ l cerebellar) | No | D3: Gen tonic–clonic sz | EDH | No | 90/60 | No | N/A |
| 33 | f/50 | Metastasis (recurrent) | L temporomesial | No | D4: Gen tonic–clonic sz | Meningitis | No | 90/80 | No | N/A |
| 34 | m/29 | Vestibular schwannoma | R cerebellopontine angle | Gen tonic–clonic sz | D13: Gen tonic–clonic sz | Hydrocephalus, EVD | No | 80/70 | No | No |
af, female; m, male.
bAtyp., atypical; °, WHO grade; GBM, glioblastoma multiforme; sGBM, secondary glioblastoma; wt, wildtype; mt, mutated; del, deleted.
cL, left; R, right; multiple, ≥ 2.
dGen, generalized; sz/szs; seizure/seizures.
eD, postoperative day of the (first) EPS.
f ICB, intracerebral bleeding; SDH, subdural hematoma; EDH, epidural hematoma; EVD, external ventricular drain; ?, unknown.
gKPI, Karnofsky performance index.
hLarge cardiogenic MCA infarction, death due to sepsis.
iPneumonia, death due to respiratory insufficiency.
jw/in, within; N/A, not available.