Table 4.
Multivariate Cox regression model showing risk factors associated with incident MDR-TB in the training and validation sets (N = 1836).
| Variables | Training set (n = 1719)* | Validation set (n = 117)* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | HR (95% CI) | P value | No | HR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
| Age < 60 years | 1,108 | 1.25 (1.01–1.57) | 0.049 | 69 | 1.37 (0.51–3.71) | 0.531 |
| Low-level FI | 558 | 1.05 (0.56–1.99) | 0.867 | 48 | NA | NA |
| High-risk occupation | 362 | 0.98 (0.78–1.22) | 0.833 | 33 | 1.90 (0.78–4.65) | 0.160 |
| High school and below | 1,270 | 1.22 (0.95–1.58) | 0.125 | 87 | NA | NA |
| Rural areas | 554 | 1.13 (0.64–1.97) | 0.256 | 36 | NA | NA |
| A history of direct contact | 225 | 2.71 (2.42–3.04) | < 0.001 | 26 | 2.34 (1.33–4.13) | 0.003 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||
| Passive MCF | 418 | 2.38 (1.24–4.58) | 0.009 | 35 | 1.28 (0.46–3.53) | 0.639 |
| HIV infection | 56 | 2.36 (1.75–3.18) | < 0.001 | 9 | 1.32 (0.42–4.16) | 0.640 |
| CRT | 308 | 1.36 (1.11–1.68) | 0.004 | 43 | 1.83 (0.26–12.70) | 0.540 |
| Unsuccessful treatment | 257 | 2.72 (2.20–3.37) | < 0.001 | 21 | 2.65 (1.06–6.62) | 0.037 |
| PTB treatment time (days) | 1,719 | NA | NA | 117 | 1.03 (1.01–1.14) | 0.016 |
| TIOFMV (days) | 1,586 | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.368 | 108 | NA | NA |
| FDC-2HRZE/4HR | 91 | 0.90 (0.52–1.54) | 0.692 | 6 | NA | NA |
| 2HRZES/6HRE | 53 | 0.71 (0.47–1.06) | 0.090 | 5 | NA | NA |
| 3HRZES/6HRE | 43 | 2.18 (1.31–3.62) | 0.003 | 14 | 0.71 (0.26–1.96) | 0.510 |
| Chest imaging | ||||||
| Excellent FCXE | 220 | 0.71 (0.65–0.77) | < 0.001 | 22 | NA | NA |
| DPC, months | 706 | 1.18 (1.10–1.27) | < 0.001 | 38 | 1.51 (1.01–2.25) | 0.046 |
| DAF, months | 1,692 | 1.21 (0.91–1.34) | 0.253 | 109 | NA | NA |
| Microbiological characteristics | ||||||
| FSC | 1,350 | 1.00 (0.87–1.15) | 0.978 | 94 | 0.71 (0.45–1.13) | 0.148 |
| DPSC, months | 954 | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 0.001 | 66 | NA | NA |
| DNSC, months | 396 | 0.90 (0.75–1.08) | 0.997 | 28 | 0.95 (0.44–2.05) | 0.896 |
Data are shown as No., hazard ratio (95% CI), and P value.
MDR-TB: multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; TB: tuberculosis; PTB: pulmonary tuberculosis; FI: family income; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; HR: hazard ratio; MCF: mode of TB case finding; CRT: completing re-treated pulmonary TB treatment; TIOFMV: time from illness onset to the first medical visit; FDC: fixed-dose combination; H: isoniazid; R: rifampicin; Z: pyrazinamide; E: ethambutol; S: streptomycin; CI: confidence interval; NA: not available; FCXE: frequencies of chest X-ray examination; DPC: duration of pulmonary cavities; DAF: duration of abnormal X-ray findings; FSC: frequencies of sputum culture; DPSC: duration of positive sputum culture; DNSC: duration of negative sputum culture.
*Bold values are those that reach statistical significance (P < 0.05).