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. 2020 Aug 13;10:13671. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-70689-5

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The oral administration of Ga reduces hepatic TG content and hyperglycemia in a dose-dependent manner. BW gain from the initiation day of Ga administration (1-1) and cumulative food intake (1-2) were measured daily (n = 7 in each group). After 14 days of treatment, hepatic TG content (1-3), insulin resistance (1-4), blood levels of glucose (1-5), insulin (1-6) and leptin (1-7), and HOMAβ values (1-8) were determined. Saline, G-Low, G-Med and G-High represent the saline-treated, low Ga dose-treated, medium Ga dose-treated and high Ga dose-treated groups, respectively. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 compared to the saline-treated group, respectively.