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. 2020 Aug 13;13:144. doi: 10.1186/s13068-020-01781-1

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Potential molecular mechanism of acidic-pH-tolerant mutant strains of Z. mobilis. Common mutations identified in two mutants (a); potential membrane modification (b); upregulation of the central metabolism producing enough ATP and reducing power (c); downregulation of flagella and chemotaxis reducing energy consumption (d); export of acidic substances by transporters (e); translocation of excess proton out of cell by F₁F_o ATPase and electronic transport chain related complex (f); alkaline compound generation (g); downregulation of macromolecular repair system (h). The numbers after the gene locus in shadow represent the log₂-based fold changes. Red indicates upregulated, blue indicates downregulated. BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids, ADA: adenosine deaminase, NIT: nitrilase