Table 5.

Goodness-of-Fit Statistics of the Presumed Five-Factor Structure for the SDQ Parent Version.

Five-factor model as hypothesized by Goodman
Model	χ2	df	p	χ2 Difftest	df Difftest	p	RMSEA	RMSEA 90% [CI]	CFI	ΔCFI	TLI
Single group
Clinical	6843.082	265	<.001				.082	[.080, .084]	.848		.828
Community	580.887	265	<.001				.048	[.042, .053]	.926		.916
Multiple group
Configural inv. I	6785.219	530	<.001				.075	[.073, .076]	.862		.844
Configural inv. IIa	4972.085	518	<.001				.064	[.062, .065]	.902		.887
Metric fact. inv.	4759.011	538	<.001	62.924	20	<.001	.061	[.059, .063]	.907	.005	.896
Strong fact. inv.	4660.638	558	<.001	74.201	20	<.001	.059	[.057, .061]	.909	.002	.903
Strict fact. inv.	4661.278	589	<.001	199.904	31	<.001	.058	[.056, .059]	.910	.001	.907

Note. SDQ = Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; df = degrees of freedom; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; CI = confidence interval; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker–Lewis index; Configural inv. I = configural invariance model with no freed item residual covariances; Configural inv. II = configural invariance model with freed item residual covariances; Metric fact. Inv. = metric factorial invariance model; Strong fact. Inv. = strong factorial invariance model; Strict fact. Inv. = strict factorial invariance model. Clinical group: n = 3,699; Community group: n = 525.

^aItem residuals of five-item pairs (Q2 and Q10, Q8 and Q13, Q9 and Q20, Q15 and Q25, Q18 and Q22) freed.