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. 2020 Jul 17;20(4):180–188. doi: 10.1177/1535759720934852

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© The Author(s) 2020

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work as published without adaptation or alteration, without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — A, Spontaneous seizure, which starts in the mesio-temporal lobe region (MTL) and then spreads to the insula and to the temporal neocortex (TNcx). The supra- and infrasylvian opercular cortex (OpCx) is much less involved. B, 1 Hz DCS (3 mA) of the anterior hippocampus, same patient. The stimulation is stopped (stop) after the onset of the elicited discharge, which is clearly visible between the DCS artefacts. Note the similarity of the shape and extent of the elicited discharge as compared with the spontaneous one. C, Same patient, 50 Hz DCS (2 mA) of the entorhinal cortex. The onset of the elicited discharge is obscured by the DCS artefact, the shape and extent of the elicited discharge is then similar to what was observed spontaneously or by stimulating the hippocampus at 1 Hz. DCS indicates direct cortical stimulation.