TABLE 1—
Demographic Characteristics of Study Population According to Probation Status: United States, 2015–2018
| Under Probation (n = 3685), Weighted No. (%) | General Populationa (n = 132 839), Weighted No. (%) | |
| Total population | 3 313 501 (2.5) | 131 147 555 (97.5) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 2 260 232 (68.2) | 64 277 227 (49.0) |
| Female | 1 053 269 (31.8) | 66 870 328 (51.0) |
| Age group, y | ||
| 18–25 | 1 036 109 (31.3) | 33 416 607 (25.5) |
| 26–34 | 1 115 776 (33.7) | 38 058 988 (29.0) |
| 35–49 | 1 161 617 (35.1) | 59 671 960 (45.5) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| White | 1 759 714 (53.1) | 74 861 129 (57.1) |
| Black | 625 721 (18.9) | 16 853 650 (12.9) |
| Hispanic | 697 826 (21.1) | 26 724 626 (20.4) |
| Native American | 60 751 (1.8) | 749 540 (0.6) |
| Other | 169 488 (5.1) | 15 944 814 (9.1) |
| Education level | ||
| < high school | 735 752 (22.2) | 15 623 644 (11.9) |
| High school | 1 202 798 (36.3) | 30 399 237 (23.1) |
| > high school | 1 374 951 (41.5) | 85 184 675 (65.0) |
| Currently employed | ||
| Yes | 2 520 764 (57.6) | 121 302 125 (70.0) |
| No | 1 859 209 (42.5) | 52 035 710 (30.0) |
| Poverty level | ||
| < PL | 1 039 372 (31.5) | 22 834 921 (17.5) |
| 100%–200% PL | 902 142 (27.3) | 26 846 295 (20.6) |
| > 200% PL | 1 360 582 (41.2) | 80 747 299 (61.9) |
| Health insurance | ||
| Private | 1 225 341 (37.0) | 85 176 060 (64.3) |
| Medicaid | 984 186 (29.7) | 19 825 141 (15.1) |
| Medicare | 37 806 (1.1) | 757 558 (0.6) |
| Veteran’s health | 77 739 (2.4) | 2 693 912 (2.1) |
| Other/unspecified | 129 050 (3.9) | 4 404 914 (3.36) |
| Uninsured | 859 379 (25.9) | 18 289 972 (14.0) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 490 815 (20.3) | 43 519 755 (44.1) |
| Widowed | 19 589 (0.8) | 561 500 (0.6) |
| Divorced | 391 038 (16.2) | 9 513 568 (9.7) |
| Never married | 1 517 122 (62.7) | 45 034 715 (45.7) |
| County status | ||
| Large metro | 1 656 983 (50.0) | 76 961 954 (58.7) |
| Small metro | 1 073 142 (32.4) | 38 060 912 (29.0) |
| Rural | 583 376 (17.6) | 16 124 689 (12.3) |
Note. PL = poverty line. All demographics covariates are statistically significant with P < .001.
a
Persons living in the community and not under probation or parole.