TABLE 3—
Proportion of Participants With Outpatient, Emergency Department, and Hospital Utilization by Probation Status for Those Aged 18–49 Years: United States, 2015–2018
| Outpatient Visit |
ED Visit |
Hospitalized ≥ 1 Night |
||||||||||
| PP, % | GP, % | Model 1,a AOR (95% CI) | Model 2,b AOR (95% CI) | PP, % | GP, % | Model 1,a AOR (95% CI) | Model 2,b AOR (95% CI) | PP, % | GP, % | Model 1,a AOR (95% CI) | Model 2,b AOR (95% CI) | |
| Total population | 65.4 | 75.4 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | 40.5 | 25.7 | 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) | 11.4 | 7.5 | 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) | 1.7 (1.5, 2.0) |
| Any physical condition | 78.0 | 86.8 | 0.7 (0.5, 0.8) | 0.8 (0.6, 0.9) | 51.9 | 34.3 | 1.7 (1.5, 2.1) | 1.8 (1.5, 2.1) | 17.9 | 11.7 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) |
| ≥ 2 physical conditions | 83.7 | 91.0 | 0.6 (0.4, 0.9) | 0.7 (0.4, 1.1) | 64.0 | 44.0 | 1.8 (1.3, 2.5) | 1.8 (1.3, 2.6) | 27.4 | 16.8 | 1.6 (1.2, 2.2) | 1.7 (1.2, 2.3) |
| Any mental Illness | 75.6 | 83.4 | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.7, 0.9) | 52.0 | 35.4 | 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) | 1.8 (1.6, 2.0) | 18.0 | 11.0 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.1) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.1) |
| Serious mental illness | 82.1 | 85.8 | 0.9 (0.6, 1.2) | 1.0 (0.7, 1.4) | 58.3 | 43.7 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 23.2 | 15.5 | 1.5 (1.1, 2.1) | 1.6 (1.1, 2.2) |
| Past year any substance use disorder | 67.5 | 75.4 | 0.8 (0.6, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.7, 1.1) | 46.0 | 33.0 | 1.6 (1.3, 1.8) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 14.7 | 8.4 | 1.7 (1.3, 2.2) | 1.7 (1.3, 2.3) |
Note. AOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; GP = general population; PP = probation population.
a
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender, poverty level, and county status.
b
Adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, gender, poverty level, county status, and insurance.