Table 5.

Research Questions in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure with Invasive Mechanical Ventilation

	Examples of Research Questions
Extracorporeal support	• Does venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation improve outcomes for patients with mild-to-moderate ARDS or for patients with AHRF without ARDS?
	• Should extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal be used to facilitate ultralow-Vt ventilation?
Spontaneous breathing	• Can extracorporeal carbon dioxide removal facilitate safe spontaneous breathing?
	• Should we encourage spontaneous breathing by early transition to pressure support ventilation?
	• Should we encourage spontaneous breathing with airway pressure release ventilation?
	• Among spontaneously breathing patients, should we actively limit Vt?
Personalized ventilation	• Should we measure patient effort and titrate ventilatory support to achieve normal levels?
	• Does limiting driving pressure or mechanical power improve outcomes beyond pressure- or volume-limited ventilation?
	• Does minimizing asynchrony improve patient outcomes?
Comparative effectiveness	• How do outcomes compare between higher positive end-expiratory pressure and prone positioning overall and for specific subpopulations of patients?

Definition of abbreviations: AHRF = acute hypoxemic respiratory failure; ARDS = acute respiratory distress syndrome.