Table 4.

Social Interactional Components and Sample Codes

Aspect	Description	Codes
Mirroring	A communicative action reflected back to the initiating person The mirroring might be done by a resident, carer, or musician.	Mirroring the type of instrument, how it is being held, the sound being created and the character or the number of beats. Mirroring facial movement (e.g., smiling or eye contact), singing, body positioning, or movement (e.g., leaning forward when someone else does).
Turn taking	A back and forth interaction between the residents and the musicians or staff.	Turn taking of spoken words, of singing, while playing instruments and during dance-like movement.
Humor	The use of what appeared to be playful communicative actions that led to other people laughing.	Using gesture to make people laugh. Playing an instrument in an increasingly faster or complicated beat that was trying to be mirrored by the musician and smiling whilst doing so. Laughing together following a turn taking exchange with the instruments.