Abbreviations: APC, adenomatous polyposis coligene; ARMC5, armadillo repeat-containing protein 5; c-PPNAD, CNC-associated primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease; FH, fumarate hydratase; GNAS, gene coding for the stimulatory subunit α of the G-protein (Gsα); i-MAD, isolated micronodular adrenocortical disease; i-PPNAD, isolated PPNAD; MAS, McCune–Albright syndrome; MEN1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; PBAD, primary bimorphic adrenocortical disease; PBMAH, primary bilateral macronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia; PDE8B, phosphodiesterase 8B gene; PDE11A, phosphodiesterase 11A gene PPNAD, primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease; PRKACA, protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic, alpha; PRKAR1A, protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, α gene.