Figure 2.

The electrical interaction potential $U_i^e(v_{l,i},w_{l,i})$ in Equation (7) is shown for a locally coupled ring network topology (n_l,e = 1) with the energy barriers for the asymmetric cases (w_l,i ≠ 0) (A,C) and symmetric (w_l,i = 0) case (B). The stronger the intra-layer synaptic strength κ_l,e is, the deeper the energy barrier functions $△U_i^{le}(w_{l,i})$ and $△U_i^{re}(w_{l,i})$ are. The saddle point and the left and right minima of the interaction potential are located at $v_{l,i}=v_m^{*}(w_{l,i})$, $v_{l,i}=v_l^{*}(w_{l,i})$, and $v_{l,i}=v_r^{*}(w_{l,i})$, respectively.