Table 1.
Description of patient characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors, and air pollutants.
| Overall | Europe | Croatia | Denmark | Ireland | Italy | NI | Russia | Romania | KSA | Taiwan | Beijing | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | 8392 | 5001 | 1223 | 300 | 1716 | 771 | 159 | 463 | 369 | 1509 | 732 | 1150 |
| No. of Centre | 71 | 51 | 8 | 1 | 11 | 14 | 2 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 12 |
| Age, years | 64.9 ± 11.2 | 64.9 ± 10.7 | 65.2 ± 10.8 | 65.5 ± 11.6 | 63.6 ± 10.4 | 68.2 ± 10.1 | 63.9 ± 11.0 | 65.1 ± 10.0 | 62.6 ± 11.8 | 62.2 ± 12.1 | 67.0 ± 13.0 | 66.7 ± 9.5 |
| Women, % | 29.6 | 26.8 | 30.8 | 28.0 | 23.0 | 21.5 | 20.8 | 38.4 | 28.5 | 26.4 | 30.7 | 45.3 |
| PM2.5 WHO | 38.1 ± 34.5 | 15.8 ± 5.7 | 20.7 ± 2.6 | 11.2* | 10.1 ± 0.27 | 22.6 ± 7.4 | 10.6 ± 0.6 | 16.7 ± 4.4 | 20.5 ± 3.1 | 92.7 ± 31.6 | 34.1 ± 3.9 | 67.4 ± 14.7 |
| PM2.5 Local | NA | 15.0 ± 5.9 | 19.6 ± 4.1 | 10.6* | 10.5 ± 0.5 | 20.3 ± 7.2 | 10.2 ± 1.0 | NA | 16.4 ± 3.4 | NA | NA | 86.3 ± 12.6 |
| Smoker, % | 16.1 | 17.9 | 20.5 | 23.2 | 14.6 | 14.6 | 20.0 | 25.5 | 17.3 | 10.3 | 20.0 | 12.3 |
| Exercise, % | 54.2 | 57.2 | 55.0 | 25.3 | 69.2 | 46.0 | 44.1 | 62.4 | 53.4 | 45 | 48.8 | 56.4 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.1 ± 34.5 | 28.6 ± 4.7 | 28.7 ± 4.2 | 28.3 ± 4.8 | 29.0 ± 5.0 | 26.9 ± 4.0 | 30.7 ± 5.5 | 29.5 ± 5.1 | 28.5 ± 4.5 | 30.3 ± 6.0 | 28.0 ± 4.0 | 25.0 ± 2.9 |
| HTN, % | 74.5 | 71.7 | 83.5 | 63.6 | 58.6 | 72.8 | 63.0 | 88.9 | 75.5 | 83.9 | 70.8 | 81.2 |
| Diabetes, % | 34.2 | 25.2 | 3.0 | NA | 17.9 | 30.2 | 14.8 | 24.0 | 26.7 | 76.1 | 35.8 | 45.8 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, % | 67.6 | 68.7 | 31.9 | 70.6 | 68.9 | 68.1 | 64.6 | 62.2 | 56.4 | 88.9 | 49.4 | 42.7 |
| SBP, mmHg | 131.1 ± 18.4 | 132.1 ± 19.3 | 133 ± 20.2 | 131 ± 19.4 | 134.2 ± 18.5 | 128.1 ± 18.9 | 121.8 ± 15.5 | 140.0 ± 14.5 | 136.5 ± 23.4 | 128.1 ± 17.0 | 131.5 ± 19.4 | 129.9 ± 13.2 |
| DBP, mmHg | 75.8 ± 10.9 | 76.7 ± 10.7 | 79.9 ± 11.6 | 76.0 ± 10.4 | 74.3 ± 10.0 | 75.4 ± 9.3 | 71.3 ± 8.1 | 79.9 ± 9.1 | 79.9 ± 12.7 | 71.3 ± 10.3 | 75.8 ± 12.7 | 77.5 ± 8.8 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.2 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 4.1 ± 0.9 | 4.0 ± 1.0 | 4.1 ± 2.2 | 3.9 ± 0.8 | 3.9 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 2.7 | 3.8 ± 1.0 | 4.3 ± 1.0 | 4.4 ± 1.0 |
| LDL, mmol/L | 2.4 ± 1.1 | 2.4 ± 1.2 | 2.8 ± 1.3 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 1.0 | 1.9 ± 0.6 | 2.7 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 2.1 ± 0.8 | 2.7 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 0.9 |
| HDL, mmol/L | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 7.5 ± 1.5 | 6.1 ± 2.1 | 6.7 ± 2.6 | 6.4 ± 2.4 | 5.8 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 1.8 | 6.4 ± 2.6 | 5.3 ± 1.4 | 6.3 ± 2.7 | 7.8 ± 3.6 | 6.5 ± 2.5 | 6.2 ± 1.6 |
EU: Europe; NI: Northern Ireland; KSA: Saudi Arabia; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; NA: not applicable. ‘Smoker’ was recorded as current smoker; ‘Exercise’ was recorded as adequate physical activities.
Numeric variables are mean ± standard deviation and categorical variables are percentage. Units are years for age, kg/m2 for BMI, mmHg for SBP and DBP, mmol/L for TC, LDL, HDL, and glucose, and μg/m3 for PM2.5.
* Only one centre from Denmark participated in SURF so standard deviation could not be provided.