Table 3.
Summary of Findings Table for secondary outcomes for each of the four main comparison groups.
| Comparison | Secondary outcomes, change from baseline | RCTs (n) | Participants (n) | Follow-up (months) | Mean change from baseline in control group (range) | Effect estimate (95% CI) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mediterranean diet vs no or minimal intervention (primary prevention) | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5 | 569 | 3 to 24 | –0.003 to –0.2 | MD –0.16 (–0.32 to 0.00) | ●●○○ LOW |
Small reduction |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4 | 389 | 3 to 6 | –0.2 to 0.05 | MD –0.08 (–0.26 to 0.09) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5 | 659 | 3 to 24 | –0.07 to 0.03 | MD 0.02 (–0.04 to 0.08) | ●●○○ LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 4 | 480 | Not pooled | ●●○○ LOW |
Little or no effect | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 2 | 269 | 3 to 24 | –1 to 1.4 | MD –2.99 (–3.45 to –2.53) | ●●●○ MODERATE |
Reduction | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 2 | 269 | 3 to 24 | –1 to 1.7 | MD –2.00 (–2.29 to –1.71) | ●●●○ MODERATE |
Reduction | |
| Mediterranean diet vs another dietary intervention (primary prevention) | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 7 | 939 | 3 to 58 | –0.29 to 0.51 | MD –0.13 (–0.30 to 0.04) | ●●○○ LOW |
Little or no effect |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 7 | 947 | 3 to 58 | –0.18 to 0.27 | MD –0.15 (–0.27 to –0.02) | ●●●○ MODERATE |
Small reduction | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 6 | 891 | 3 to 58 | –0.02 to 0.16 | MD 0.02 (–0.01 to 0.04) | ●●●○ MODERATE |
Little or no effect | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 7 | 939 | 3 to 58 | –0.44 to 1.32 | MB –0.09 (–0.16 to –0.01) | ●●●○ MODERATE |
Small reduction | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 4 | 448 | 3 to 12 | –10.4 to 6.9 | MD – 1.50 (–3.92 to 0.92) | ●●○○ LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 4 | 448 | 3 to 12 | –8.1 to 5.3 | MD –0.26 (–2.41 to 1.90) | ●●○○ LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| Mediterranean diet vs usual care (secondary prevention) | Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2 | 441 | 12 to 48 | –0.22 to –0.31 | MD 0.07 (–0.19 to 0.33) | ●●○○ LOW |
Uncertainty |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2 | 441 | 12 to 48 | –0.26 to –0.41 | MD 0.11 (–0.09 to 0.31) | ●●○○ LOW |
Uncertainty | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2 | 441 | 12 to 48 | 0 to 0.15 | MD –0.01 (–0.08 to 0.07) | ●●○○ LOW |
Uncertainty | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 2 | 441 | 12 to 48 | –0.02 to –0.08 | MD –0.14 (–0.38 to 0.10) | ●●○○ LOW |
Uncertainty | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1 | 339 | 48 | 9 | MD –2.00 (–5.29 to 1.29) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Uncertainty | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 1 | 339 | 48 | 5 | MD –1.00 (–4.29 to 2.29) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Uncertainty | |
| Mediterranean diet vs another dietary intervention (secondary prevention) | Total cholesterol (mmol/L)* | Not reported | ||||||
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)* | 1 | 71 | 24 | 0.13 | MD 0.08 (–0.26 to 0.42) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)* | 1 | 71 | 24 | 0.10 | MD –0.05 (–0.17 to 0.06) | ●●○○ LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)* | 1 | 71 | 24 | –0.63 | MD 0.46 (–0.24 to 1.16) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 2 | 150 | 3 to 24 | 4 to –9.33 | MD 1.76 (–2.80 to 6.33) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Little or no effect | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 2 | 150 | 3 to 24 | 1 to –9.23 | MD 0.98 (–1.97 to 3.93) | ●○○○ VERY LOW |
Little or no effect | |
*sensitivity analysis without Singh studies.