Table 1.
General characteristics of the participants at onset of fitness club membership, divided into absent or present urinary incontinence (UI) (n = 125). Results are presented as mean (± SD) or number (and percentage)
| Variable | No UI (n = 104) | Yes UI (n = 21) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years [mean (SD*)] | 32.8 (9.5) | 42.0 (8.9) | < 0.01 |
| Age groups [mean (SD)] | < 0.01 | ||
| < 40 years | 80 (76.9) | 10 (47.6) | |
| ≥ 40 years | 24 (23.1) | 11 (52.4) | |
| BMI** (kg/m2) [mean (SD)] | 24.9 (4.7) | 26.0 (6.1) | 0.34 |
| BMI groups [n (%)] | 0.65 | ||
| < 25 | 65 (62.5) | 12 (57.1) | |
| ≥ 25 | 39 (37.5) | 9 (42.9) | |
| Daily smoker*** [n (%)] | 11 (10.6) | 1 (4.7) | 0.41 |
| Children*** [n (%)] | 28 (26.9) | 12 (57.1) | < 0.01 |
| Cohabitation/married*** [n (%)] | 57 (54.8) | 15 (71.4) | 0.16 |
| University/college education [n (%)] | 0.75 | ||
| No higher education | 22 (21.2) | 3 (14.4) | |
| < 4 years | 39 (37.5) | 7 (33.3) | |
| ≥ 4 years | 43 (41.3) | 11 (52.4) | |
| Total household income [n (%)] | 0.80 | ||
| ≤ 87,500 USD | 65 (62.5) | 11 (52.4) | |
| > 87,500 USD | 39 (37.5) | 10 (47.6) | |
| Occupation [n (%)] | |||
| ≥ 50% | 80 (76.9) | 15 (71.5) | 0.60 |
| Sick leave | 4 (3.8) | 1 (4.7) | 0.84 |
*SD, standard deviation
**BMI, body mass index
***Answers to yes–no questions