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. 2020 Jun 9;46(5):1775–1794. doi: 10.1007/s10695-020-00827-3

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — In vitro effects of 17β-estradiol on the production of nitric oxide (a) and on the arginase activity (b) in the head kidney monocytes/macrophages. Cells were in vitro treated for 24 h with either lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 30 μg/mL) or 17β-estradiol (E2, 1 μM) or their combination (E2 + LPS) or were treated with culture medium (CTR). Averages and S.E. (n = 4–5). Stars (*) indicate statistically significant differences between control (CTR) and treated cells (E2, LPS, and E2 + LPS) (*p ≤ 0.05), number signs (#) indicate statistically significant differences between LPS-treated cells (LPS) and E2- or E2 + LPS-treated cells (#p ≤ 0.05)