Table 1.

Patient characteristics (N = 11)

Characteristics
Age, years, median (range)	76 (57–86)
Tumor size, mm, median (range)	53 (27–119)
Sex, number
Male:Female	9:2
Etiology
Hepatitis C virus antibody positive	4
Hepatitis B surface antigen positive	3
NASH/NAFLD	2
Unidentified	2
Prior treatment of C-ion RT
TACE	6
TACE and RFA	2
TACE and hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy	2
Treatment naïve	1
Site of direct invasion
Major branch of the portal vein	3
Major branch of the hepatic vein	5
Both major branches of the portal vein and the hepatic vein	3
Child-Pugh class
A:B	10:1
Barcelona Clinic Liver Classification Stage
A:B:C	2:0:9
Albumin-Bilirubin Grade
1:2a:2b:3	3:2:5:1
Pretreatment AFP, IU/ml
< 200	6
200–400	2
> 400	3
Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min
< 15%	5
15–30%	4
> 30%	2
Median (range)	15.9 (4.9–108.7)

^†Abbreviations: AFP alpha-fetoprotein, C-ion RT carbon ion radiotherapy, NASH/NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, RFA percutaneous radiofrequency ablation, TACE transarterial chemoembolization