Table 2.
Summarized mothers’ knowledge about EBF
| Knowledge Variables | Tsedeke [26] et al. Ethiopia n = 220 |
Jino [27] et al. Rwanda n = 90 |
Girard et al. [28] Kenya n = 148 | Mohamed [29] et al. Kenya n = 281 |
Alamirew [30] et al. Ethiopia n = 384 |
Adrawa [31] et al. Uganda n = 385 |
Petit [32] et al. Uganda n = 203 |
Asfaw [33] et al. Ethiopia n = 634 |
Gewa [35] et al. Kenya n = 400 |
Bayissa [36] et al. Ethiopia n = 371 |
Wana [37] et al. Ethiopia n = 351 |
Ballo [38] et al. Ethiopia n = 341 |
Tadele [39] et al. Ethiopia n = 314 |
Nkala [34] et al. Tanzania n = 402 |
Warillea [40] et al. south Sudan n = 384 |
Shirima et al. [41] 2001, Tanzania N = 640 |
Total % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Do you know the importance of breastfeeding? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 220 (100%) | 348(86.3%) | 351 (100%) | 97.5 | |||||||||||||
| No | 23 (13.64%) | 2.4 | |||||||||||||||
| 2. What do you prefer to feed your baby for the first 6 months? | |||||||||||||||||
| Breast milk only | 202 (91.8%) | 256 (91.1%) | 236 (61.5%) | 384 (96%) | 83.8 | ||||||||||||
| Breast milk with plain water | 12 (5.45%) | 113 (29.4%) | 9.7 | ||||||||||||||
| Breast milk with Butter | 6 (2.73%) | 0.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Infant formula | 7 (1.8%) | 0.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Others | 25 (8.8%) | 28 (7.3%) | 16 (4%) | 5.3 | |||||||||||||
| 3. For how long should infant EBF only? | |||||||||||||||||
| < 4 months | 2 (0.90%) | 122 (31.7%) | 30 (14.7%) | 9 (2.5%) | 164 (52.2%) | 13.3 | |||||||||||
| 4-5 months | 26 (6.8%) | 14 (3.9%) | 268 (78.5) | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
| 6 months | 200 (90.9%) | 206 (53.5%) | 150 (73.8%) | 295 (84%) | 73 (21.4%) | 109 (34.7%) | 176 (27.5%) | 49.2 | |||||||||
| > 6 months | 18 (8.18%) | 25 (6.5%) | 23 (11.3%) | 13 (3.7%) | 41 (13.1%) | 464 (72.5%) | 23.7 | ||||||||||
| don’t know | 6 (1.5%) | 20 (5.6%) | 1.0 | ||||||||||||||
| 4. Do you think bottle feeding dangerous for the baby? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 136 (61.8%) | 61.8 | |||||||||||||||
| No | 84 (38.2%) | 38.2 | |||||||||||||||
| 5. Do you know the right time to start complementary foods? | |||||||||||||||||
| 3 months | 10 (2.6%) | 2.6 | |||||||||||||||
| 4 months | 34 (8.8%) | 8.8 | |||||||||||||||
| 5 months | 23 (6%) | 6 | |||||||||||||||
| 6 months | 311 (81%) | 81 | |||||||||||||||
| 7 months | 6 (1.6%) | 1.6 | |||||||||||||||
| 6. Do you know EBF? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 67 (74.4%) | 131 (88.6%) | 315 (82%) | 241 (62.6%) | 529 (83.4%) | 337 (90.8%) | 331 (94.3%) | 386 (96.2%) | 323 (84%) | 84.4 | |||||||
| No | 23 (25.6%) | 17 (11.48%) | 69 (18%) | 144 (37.4%) | 105 (16.6%) | 34 (9.2%) | 20 (5.7%) | 16 (3.8%) | 61 (16%) | 15.5 | |||||||
| 7. Have you ever heard about EBF? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 618 (97.5%) | 294 (93.3%) | 96.2 | ||||||||||||||
| No | 16 (2.5%) | 20 (6.4%) | 3.7 | ||||||||||||||
| 8. Do you know that BM alone is enough for infants < 6 months of life? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 34 (23%) | 250 (65.1%) | 263 (70.9%) | 60.5 | |||||||||||||
| No | 114 (77%) | 99 (25.8%) | 48 (12.9% | 28.9 | |||||||||||||
| Don’t know | 35 (9.1) | 41 (11.1%) | 8.4 | ||||||||||||||
| 9. Do you know the right time to give BM to a child after birth (early initiation)? | |||||||||||||||||
| After giving some butter | 31 (8.1%) | 1.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Within an hour | 257 (91.5%) | 269 (70%) | 384 (96%) | 264 (71.2%) | 223 (67.26%) | 230 (73.2%) | 444 (69.3%) | 75.8 | |||||||||
| After one hour | 24 (8.5%) | 54 (14.1%) | 16 (4%) | 93 (25.1%) | 110 (32.7) | 75 (23.9%) | 196 (30.6%) | 20.7 | |||||||||
| After 24 h | 30 (7.8%) | 9 (2.9%) | 1.4 | ||||||||||||||
| 10. What do you do with the first milk or colostrum? | |||||||||||||||||
| Discard | 39 (13.9%) | 174 (45.3%) | 32.0 | ||||||||||||||
| Feed immediately | 242 (86.1%) | 210 (54.7%) | 67.9 | ||||||||||||||
| 11. Do you know breast milk alone can sustain baby for 6 months? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 220 (78.3%) | 78.3 | |||||||||||||||
| No | 61 (21.7%) | 21.7 | |||||||||||||||
| 12. Do you know EBF prevents diarrheal, respiratory (EBF protects baby from illness)? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 226 (80.4%) | 234 (60.9%) | 78 (19.4%) | 351 (100%) | 86 (27.3%) | 55.1 | |||||||||||
| No | 55 (19.6%) | 62 (16.2%) | 325 (80.6%) | 193 (61.3%) | 35.8 | ||||||||||||
| I don’t know | 88 (22.9%) | 35 (11.4%) | 6.9 | ||||||||||||||
| 13. Do you know EBF protects the mother from pregnancy? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 193 (55%) | 100 (32%) | 41.7 | ||||||||||||||
| No | 158 (45%) | 53 (16.7%) | 30.0 | ||||||||||||||
| I don’t know | 161 (51.3%) | 22.9 | |||||||||||||||
| 14. Do you know expressed breast milk should be fed to the baby? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 195 (69.4%) | 69.4 | |||||||||||||||
| No | 86 (30.6%) | 30.6 | |||||||||||||||
| 15. Do you know semi-solid food to be introduced at 6 months? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 199 (71%) | 71.0 | |||||||||||||||
| No | 82 (29%) | 29.0 | |||||||||||||||
| 16. Do you know a pregnant woman can breastfeed her baby? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 159 (56.6%) | 360 (90%) | 76.2 | ||||||||||||||
| No | 122 (43.4) | 40 (10%) | 23.7 | ||||||||||||||
| 17. Do you know a baby should be breastfed on demand? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 206 (73.3%) | 76 (19%) | 41.4 | ||||||||||||||
| No | 75 (26.7%) | 324 (81%) | 58.5 | ||||||||||||||
| 18. It is important to give a new-born child other foods like porridge, tea, juice, etc.? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 48 (12%) | 12.0 | |||||||||||||||
| No | 352 (88%) | 88.0 | |||||||||||||||
| 19. Does frequent sucking help for milk production? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 164 (52.2%) | 52.2 | |||||||||||||||
| No | 87 (27.7%) | 27.7 | |||||||||||||||
| No idea | 63 (20.1%) | 20.1 | |||||||||||||||
| 20. Is prelacteal feeding needed for an infant before starting breast milk? | |||||||||||||||||
| Yes | 75 (19.5%) | 115 (17.9%) | 18.5 | ||||||||||||||
| No | 292 (76.1) | 525 (82.0%) | 79.7 | ||||||||||||||
| I don’t know | 17 (4.4%) | 1.6 | |||||||||||||||