Table 3.
Summarized mothers’ attitudes about EBF
| Attitude variables | Tsedeke [26] et al., Ethiopia 220 |
Girard [28] et al. Kenya 148 |
Mohamed [29] et al., Kenya 281 |
Alamirew [30] et al. Ethiopia 384 |
Asfaw [33] et al. Ethiopia |
Wana [37] et al. Ethiopia 351 |
Ballo [38] et al. Ethiopia 384 |
Tadele [39] et al. Ethiopia N = 314 |
Total % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Giving breast milk for a newborn immediately within one hour (early initiation) is important? | |||||||||
| Strongly agree | 48 (12.5%) | 12.5 | |||||||
| Agree | 63 (16.4%) | 16.4 | |||||||
| Disagree | 182 (42.1%) | 42.1 | |||||||
| Strongly disagree | 92 (24%) | 24.0 | |||||||
| 2. Discarding the first milk or colostrum is important? | |||||||||
| Strongly agree | 0.00% | 55 (14.3%) | 0.00% | 5.9 | |||||
| Agree | 78 (35.45%) | 90 (23.4%) | 125 (39.89%) | 31.9 | |||||
| Neutral | 2 (0.91%) | 130 (33.9%) | 0.00% | 14.3 | |||||
| Disagree | 140 (63%) | 109 (28.4%) | 189 (60.29)% | 47.7 | |||||
| 3. Only breast milk may not be sufficient for 3 months’ child? | |||||||||
| Agree | 153 (54.4%) | 56 (14.6%) | 31.4 | ||||||
| Disagree | 108 (38.4%) | 87 (22.6%) | 24.0 | ||||||
| Strongly disagree | 0.00% | 150 (39.1%) | 22.5 | ||||||
| Neutral | 20 (7.1%) | 91 (23.7%) | 16.6 | ||||||
| 4. Do you think of starting complementary foods before 6 months is important? | |||||||||
| Strongly agree | 46 (12%) | 8.8 | |||||||
| Agree | 61 (15.9%) | 15.9 | |||||||
| Disagree | 169 (44%) | 44.0 | |||||||
| Strongly disagree | 108 (28.1%) | 28.1 | |||||||
| 5. What do you prefer to feed your baby for the first 6 months? | |||||||||
| Breast milk alone | 162 (73.64%) | 92 (24%) | 42.0 | ||||||
| Breast milk with formula | 5 (2.27%) | 0.8 | |||||||
| Breast milk with cow milk | 50 (22.72%) | 8.2 | |||||||
| Others | 3 (1.37%) | 292 (76%) | 48.8 | ||||||
| 7. Do you Believe that EBF is beneficial to the Childs? | |||||||||
| Agree | 192 (87.27%) | 267 (95%) | 91.6 | ||||||
| Disagree | 28 (12.73%) | 11 (4%) | 7.7 | ||||||
| Neutral | 3 (1%) | 0.5 | |||||||
| 8. The age of the mother influences her ability to EBF? | |||||||||
| Agree | 211 (75%) | 75.0 | |||||||
| Disagree | 41 (14.6%) | 14.6 | |||||||
| Neutral | 29 (10.32%) | 10.3 | |||||||
| 9. Breastfed babies are healthier than fed babies? | |||||||||
| Agree | 234 (83.3%) | 337 (87.7%) | 182 (58%) | 74.1 | |||||
| Disagree | 31 (11%) | 45 (11.76%) | 79 (25.1%) | 15.2 | |||||
| Neutral | 16 (5.6) | 3 (0.8%) | 53 (16.9%) | 7.0 | |||||
| 10. Breast milk is more easily digested than formula? | |||||||||
| Agree | 228 (81.1%) | 81.1 | |||||||
| Disagree | 34 (12%) | 12.0 | |||||||
| Neutral | 19 (6.7% | 6.7 | |||||||
| 11. Do you think EBF prevent pregnancy? | |||||||||
| Agree | 193 (55%) | 55.0 | |||||||
| Disagree | 132 (37.6%) | 37.6 | |||||||
| Don’t know | 26 (7.4%) | 7.4 | |||||||
| 12. Do you think breastfeeding limits activity? | |||||||||
| Agree | 53 (15%) | 15.0 | |||||||
| Disagree | 298 (85%) | 85.0 | |||||||
| Don’t know | 0 | 0.0 | |||||||
| 13. Do you think BF has a relation with pain and Cancer? | |||||||||
| Agree | 38 (10.8%) | 10.8 | |||||||
| Disagree | 202 (57.6%) | 57.6 | |||||||
| Neutral | 111 (31.6%) | 31.6 | |||||||
| 14. Formula feeding is more convenient than breastfeeding? | |||||||||
| Agree | 176 (45.87%) | 45.8 | |||||||
| Disagree | 201 (52.27%) | 52.2 | |||||||
| Neutral | 7 (1.87%) | 1.8 | |||||||
| 15. Does breastfeeding increases mother-infant bonding? | |||||||||
| Agree | 187 (48.6%) | 48.6 | |||||||
| Disagree | 130 (33.92%) | 33.8 | |||||||
| Neutral | 67 (17.62%) | 17.4 | |||||||
| 16. Women need adequate food for EBF for 6 months? | |||||||||
| Agree | 62 (42%) | 42.0 | |||||||
| Disagree | 86 (58%) | 58.0 | |||||||
| Neutral | |||||||||
| 17. Women who EBF for 6 months will have problems? | |||||||||
| Agree | 86 (58%) | 58.0 | |||||||
| Disagree | 62 (42%) | 42.0 | |||||||
| 18. Infants, that EBF for 6 months will have problems? | |||||||||
| Agree | 76 (51.4%) | 51.4 | |||||||
| Disagree | 72 (48.6%) | 48.6 | |||||||
| 19. Do you think that EBF is better than artificial feeding? | |||||||||
| Yes | 205 (73%) | 73.0 | |||||||
| No | 67 (23.8%) | 23.8 | |||||||
| Don’t know | 9 (3.2%) | 3.2 | |||||||
| 20. Do you agree that only EBF is enough for a child for up to 6 months? | |||||||||
| Agree | 34 (23%) | 186 (59.3%) | 47.6 | ||||||
| Disagree | 114 (77%) | 128 (40.7%) | 52.3 | ||||||
| 21. Why do you encourage exclusive breastfeeding? | |||||||||
| Prevent infection and infant death* | 421 (68.1%) | 68.1 | |||||||
| Improve infant’s strength* | 228 (36.9%) | 36.9 | |||||||
| Cost-effective* | 121 (19.6%) | 19.6 | |||||||
| 22. Do you encourage mothers to EBF their infant? | |||||||||
| Yes | 618 (97.5%) | 97.5 | |||||||
| No | 16 (2.5%) | 2.5 | |||||||
*Sum larger than hundred due to multiple answers