Figure 1.

Hypothetical case of primary aldosteronism undergoing segmental adrenal vein sampling (sAVS). Based on the criterion proposed by Kitamoto et al⁶ of plasma aldosterone >1400 ng/dl, sAVS would localize the aldosterone producing adenoma (APA) in the right inferior adrenal pole. Multiple additional sources of autonomous aldosterone production might be present in both adrenal glands, such as aldosterone-producing cell clusters (APCC) or micronodules, which would remain undiagnosed with sAVS and could cause residual PA following partial adrenalectomy.