. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Sch Health. 2020 Jan 5;90(3):182–193. doi: 10.1111/josh.12863

Table 4.

Parallel Latent Growth Model Intercepts, Slopes, and Unstandardized/Standardized Regression Estimates for Student Engagement, N = 2512

	Acad. Grades	SC3	As/Bs	SC3	Cs	SC3	Ds/Fs	SC3

Parameter	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)	B (SE)

Intercept	0.48 (.12)^**	3.72 (.05)^**	0.47 (.13)^**	3.72 (.05)^**	−0.73 (.09)^**	3.72 (.05)^**	−1.90 (.22)^**	3.72 (.06)^**
Slope	−0.75 (.25)^**	0.35 (.13)^**	−0.77 (.24)^**	0.35 (.13)^**	0.35 (.30)^**	0.36 (.14)^**	0.63 (.30)^*	0.33 (.09)^*
Int. → slope	−0.09 (.05)^*	−0.14 (.03)^**	−0.11 (.06)	−0.14 (.03)^**	−0.11 (.12)	−0.14 (.03)^**	−0.14 (.07)^*	−0.14 (.03)^**
SC3 X grade	−0.01 (.01)	0.16 (.07)^*	−0.01 (.01)	0.17 (.06)^**	0.02 (.02)	−0.11 (.04)^**	−0.01 (.02)	−0.17 (.08)^*
Slope ↔ slope	0.03 (.01)^**		0.03 (.01)^**		−0.01 (.01)		−0.02 (.02)

Std Est	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)	β (SE)

Int. → slope	−0.32 (.16)^*	−0.29 (.06)^**	−0.35 (.20)	−0.30 (.06)^**	−0.33 (.30)	−0.30 (.06)^**	−0.54 (.02)^*	−0.29 (.06)^**
SC1 Xdrug	−0.03 (.06)	0.22 (.09)^**	−0.04 (.06)	0.20 (.08)^**	0.06 (.07)	−0.19 (.07)^**	−0.03 (.10)	−0.30 (.13)^*
Slope ↔ slope	0.26 (.10)^**		0.24 (.10)^*		−0.15 (.15)		−0.29 (.18)
−2LL(FP)	24,587.87 (28)		23,008.97 (28)		22,550.21 (28)		19,808.34(28)
AIC/BIC	24,645.87/24,814.90		23,064.97/23,228.17		22,606.21/22,769.42		19,864.34/20,027.55

^**

p < .01

p < .05.

−2LL, Deviance, FP, Free Parameters, Std. Est., Standardized Estimate, SC2, Order and Safety, Int., Intercept, Acad. Grades, Academic Grades.

Estimates include covariates and pairwise adjustment. School Clusters = 16.