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. 2020 Aug 14;18:126. doi: 10.1186/s12964-020-00609-7

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Zyflamend Exacerbates the Effects of Streptozotocin and Adriamycin on ER Stress, Autophagy, and Cell Death in β-TC6 Cells. Total cell lysates from control cells treated with Zyflamend and non-treated cells with or without streptozotocin (STZ; 5 mM) or adriamycin (ADR; 5 μM) for 24 h were immunoblotted for markers of ER stress (a-b), autophagy, and cell death (c-d). Representative immunoblots are shown. b Bar graphs represent pPERK/PERK, pEIF2α/EIF2α, pIRE1/IRE1, sXBP1/β-actin, and CHOP/β-actin as means + SEM. d Bar graphs represent Beclin 1/β-actin, LC3/β-actin, ATG5/β-actin, ATG7/β-actin, and cleaved caspase-3 / β-actin as means + SEM. e-f Colony formation assay. f Bar graphs represent the relative number of colonies in each condition determined by dividing the number of colonies for a given treatment by the total number of colonies in DMSO treated cells (Ctrl.) and expressed as a percentage. g Cell toxicity assay using the MTT method. Bar graphs represent the intensity of formazan staining reflective of the cell number and presented as means + SEM. In b, d, f and g, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 indicate a significant difference between cells treated with Zyflamend and non-treated cells. †p < 0.05, ††p < 0.01 indicate a significant difference between cells treated with Zyflamend combined with the chemotherapeutic agents (streptozotocin or adriamycin) and cells treated with streptozotocin or adriamycin only