Fig. 5. Spatiotemporal delivery of both VEGF and BMP-2 led to enhanced bone tissue distribution 12 weeks after scaffold implantation.

(A) Reconstructed in vivo μCT analysis of bone formation in the defects. (B) Quantification of total bone volume (mm³) in the defects at each time point. (C) Representative images of μCT bone densities in the defects at 12 weeks halfway through the defect (scale bar, 1 mm throughout). (D) Average bone density (mg HA/cm³) in the defects at each time point. (E) Outline of ROI bone volume analysis including definitions of core, annulus, and heterotopic regions. (F) Total bone volume (mm³) in each region at 12 weeks. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001; error bars denote SDs (n = 9 animals).