Table 1.
Comparison of studied variables between case and control groups
| Characteristics | Case group (n = 185) | Control group (n = 185) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inter-pregnancy interval (month) | 79.84 ± 45.75 | 78.49 ± 41.29 | 0.767 | |
| Age (year) | 31.75 ± 5.01 | 31.41 ± 4.70 | 0.501 | |
| Pre-pregnancy weight (kg) | 70.20 ± 14.78 | 70.25 ± 14.01 | 0.971 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 27.30 ± 5.31 | 27.06 ± 5.16 | 0.658 | |
| Parity | 2.24 ± 0.84 | 2.25 ± 0.53 | 0.881 | |
| Gravidity | 2.56 ± 0.84 | 2.35 ± 0.71 | 0.010 | |
| Inter-pregnancy interval | ≤ 12 months | 11 (5.9) | 3 (1.6) | 0.048 |
| 13-24 months | 15 (8.1) | 10 (5.4) | ||
| More than 24 months | 159 (85.9) | 172 (93) | ||
| Level of education | Illiterate | 2 (1.08) | 2 (1.08) | 0.001* |
| Primary and middle school | 58 (31.3) | 96 (51.8) | ||
| High school and diploma | 98 (52.9) | 76 (41.08 | ||
| Tertiary education | 27 (14.59) | 11 (5.94) | ||
| Place of residence | Urban area | 131 (70.81) | 107 (57.84) | 0.009* |
| Rural area | 54 (29.19) | 78 (42.16) | ||
| Gestational diabetes | Yes | 30 (16.2) | 33 (17.8) | 0.678* |
| No | 155 (83.7) | 152 (82.1) | ||
| Preeclampsia | Yes | 40 (21.6) | 20 (10.8) | 0.005* |
| No | 145 (78.3) | 165 (89.1) | ||
| History of stillbirth | Yes | 4 (2.1) | 2 (1.08) | 0.685** |
| No | 181 (97.8) | 183 (98.9) | ||
| Preterm labor history | Yes | 31 (16.7) | 10 (5.4) | 0.001* |
| No | 154 (83.2) | 175 (94.5) | ||
| History of low birth weight delivery |
Yes | 13 (7.02) | 12 (6.4) | 0.836* |
| No | 172 (92.9) | 173 (93.5) | ||
| Placenta position | Normal | 174 (94.05) | 180 (97.2) | 0.125* |
| Abnormal | 11 (5.9) | 5 (2.7) | ||
Data are presented as Mean ± SD or number (%).
*
chi square,
**
Fisher's Exact Test