Table 1.

Comparison of Neurosurgical Workforce and Survey Participation Among Five Southeast Asian Countries

Country	World Bank Income Group	Number of Neurosurgeons∗	Neurosurgeon/Population Ratio†	Number of Training Programs	Duration of Training (years)	Estimated Number of Trainees∗	Number of Respondents (Percentage of Trainees)
Indonesia	Lower middle income	377	∼1 in 718,000	8	5.5	211	160 (76)
Malaysia	Upper middle income	152	∼1 in 210,000	2	4	53	18 (35)
Philippines	Lower middle income	134	∼1 in 807,000	10	6	57	51 (89)
Singapore	High income	65	∼1 in 88,000	2	6	20	15 (75)
Thailand	Upper middle income	536	∼1 in 130,000	11	5	129	54 (42)

^∗Figures obtained by study authors through personal communications with their respective neurosurgical societies.

^†Based on World Bank 2019 population data.²⁰