Table 2.

Associations of Consultations With CM Providers and Conventional Healthcare Utilization in Adults With CVD or CVD Risk Factors But No Manifest CVD

	CVD Patients Using CM			Individuals With CVD Risk Factors Using CM
	OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P Value	OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P Value
Physician consultations past 12 months
General physician consultation	1.09 (0.88–1.34)	1.17 (0.93–1.47)	0.18	1.28 (1.13–1.47)	1.21 (1.05–1.39)	<0.01
Medical specialist consultation	1.25 (1.07–1.46)	1.38 (1.17–1.64)	<0.01	1.50 (1.36–1.66)	1.42 (1.28–1.58)	<0.01
Preventive care past 12 months
Blood pressure check	1.04 (0.78–1.40)	1.13 (0.82–1.55)	0.47	1.12 (0.94–1.34)	1.10 (0.91–1.32)	0.33
Cholesterol check	0.79 (0.67–0.94)	0.98 (0.81–1.12)	0.87	0.89 (0.80–1.00)	0.96 (0.85–1.08)	0.51
Fasting glucose check	1.00 (0.85–1.17)	1.15 (0.96–1.37)	0.13	1.10 (0.99–1.23)	1.09 (0.97–1.22)	0.14

Odds ratio >1 indicate higher utilization in individuals using CM; odds ratio <1 indicates higher utilization in individuals not using CM. Adjusted odds ratio and P‐values were derived from logistic regression analyses controlling for age, sex, education, employment, marital status, region of origin, race/ethnicity, health insurance coverage, noncardiovascular comorbidities, CVD risk factors, and CVD type (CVD patients only). Relative weights were used. CM indicates complementary medicine; CVD, cardiovascular disease; and OR, odds ratio.