Table 3.
Differences in Measures of Glucose Metabolism Across REI4P Subgroups: A Multiple Imputation Sample
| Fasting Glucose, mmol/L (n=789) | HbAlc, mmol/mol (n=772) | HOMA‐IR (n=576) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reference | Reference | Reference | |
| Unadjusted model REI4P <5 | |||
| 5 ≤REI4P <15 | 0.21 (−0.07, 0.49) | 0.86 (−0.90, 2.61) | 1.22 (1.07, 1.39)a |
| 15 ≤REI4P <30 | 0.29 (−0.08, 0.66) | 1.79 (−0.50, 4.08) | 1.58 (1.33, 1.88)b |
| REI4P ≥30 | 0.86 (0.41, 1.31)b | 6.40 (3.63, 9.18)b | 1.54 (1.24, 1.92)b |
| Adjusted model REI4P <5 | |||
| 5 ≤REI4P <15 | 0.03 (−0.22, 0.28) | −0.09 (−1.61, 1.43) | 1.11 (0.99, 1.26) |
| 15 ≤REI4P <30 | 0.03 (−0.30, 0.36) | 0.20 (−1.77, 2.17) | 1.31 (1.11, 1.55)a |
| REI4P ≥30 | 0.49 (0.08, 0.90)c | 4.44 (2.02, 6.85)b | 1.30 (1.05, 1.62)c |
Differences in adjusted βs (95% CIs) associated with 5 ≤REI4P <15, 15 ≤REI4P <30, or REI4P ≥30 (vs REI4P <5) are shown. For HOMA‐IR, exponential βs were calculated, interpreted as a 1‐SD increase in each sleep measure would multiply the expected value of HOMA‐IR by exp(β). Of the 789 participants included in analyses for fasting glucose, 340 had REI4P <5, 263 had REI4P ≥5 and <15, 116 had REI4P ≥15 and <30, and 70 had REI4P ≥30. Of the 772 participants included in analyses for HbA1c, 330 had REI4P <5, 257 had REI4P ≥5 and <15, 115 had REI4P ≥15 and <30, and 70 had REI4P ≥30. Of the 589 participants included in analyses for HOMA‐IR, 266 had REI4P <5, 187 had REI4P ≥5 and <15, 79 had REI4P ≥15 and <30, and 44 had REI4P ≥30. Regression coefficients and P values for each multiplicative interaction term are shown. Each sleep measure was analyzed in a separate model. Models include adjustment for age, sex, educational level, alcohol use, smoking status, BMI, antihyperglycemic medication use and prevalent diabetes mellitus, statin use, and sleep duration. Antihyperglycemic medication use and prevalent diabetes mellitus were not used in modeling for HOMA‐IR. BMI indicates body mass index; HbAlc, hemoglobin A1c; HOMA‐IR, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; REI3P, apnea‐hypopnea index at 3% oxygen desaturation; REI4P, apnea‐hypopnea index at 4% oxygen desaturation.
P<0.01.
P<0.001.
P<0.05.