Table 2.
Independent predictors of PPI During the First 30 Days and During the Whole Follow‐Up in Patients Treated With TAVR
| Whole Follow‐Up | First 30 Days | Beyond 30 Days | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR, 95% CI | P Value | OR, 95% CI | P Value | HR, 95% CI | P Value | |
| Age, per 10 y | 1.09 (1.06–1.12) | <0.0001 | 1.14 (1.10–1.18) | <0.0001 | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | 0.34 |
| EuroSCORE II | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.28 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.45 | 1.04 (0.98–1.11) | 0.23 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.001 | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 0.40 | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.14 |
| Frailty index, per 10 units | 0.99 (0.97–1.01) | 0.35 | 0.98 (0.95–1.00) | 0.18 | 1.13 (1.08–1.18) | <0.0001 |
| Sex (male) | 1.24 (1.20–1.29) | <0.0001 | 1.29 (1.23–1.36) | <0.0001 | 1.45 (1.33–1.59) | <0.0001 |
| Hypertension | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | <0.0001 | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.35 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.09 (1.05–1.14) | <0.0001 | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | 0.01 | 1.17 (1.06–1.30) | 0.002 |
| Heart failure | 1.03 (0.99–1.08) | 0.12 | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.75 | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 0.004 |
| History of pulmonary edema | 1.12 (1.03–1.21) | 0.01 | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 0.03 | 1.03 (0.84–1.27) | 0.76 |
| Aortic regurgitation | 1.06 (1.00–1.12) | 0.04 | 1.07 (1.00–1.15) | 0.06 | 1.05 (0.93–1.19) | 0.45 |
| Mitral regurgitation | 0.91 (0.87–0.96) | <0.0001 | 0.87 (0.82–0.92) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | 0.94 |
| Coronary artery disease | 0.96 (0.92–1.00) | 0.06 | 0.93 (0.88–0.99) | 0.01 | 1.01 (0.91–1.12) | 0.90 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 1.13 (1.06–1.20) | <0.0001 | 1.15 (1.06–1.24) | 0.001 | 1.16 (1.01–1.34) | 0.04 |
| Previous PCI | 1.01 (0.97–1.06) | 0.54 | 1.04 (0.98–1.01) | 0.25 | 0.95 (0.86–1.06) | 0.38 |
| Previous CABG | 0.92 (0.86–0.99) | 0.04 | 0.92 (0.83–1.01) | 0.09 | 0.90 (0.77–1.05) | 0.17 |
| Vascular disease | 0.90 (0.86–0.94) | <0.0001 | 0.85 (0.80–0.90) | <0.0001 | 1.01 (0.91–1.13) | 0.81 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 0.003 | 1.05 (1.01–1.11) | 0.03 | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | <0.0001 |
| Left bundle branch block | 1.29 (1.23–1.34) | <0.0001 | 1.35 (1.27–1.42) | <0.0001 | 1.75 (1.58–1.93) | <0.0001 |
| Right bundle branch block | 1.71 (1.61–1.81) | <0.0001 | 2.21 (2.03–2.40) | <0.0001 | 1.34 (1.14–1.58) | <0.0001 |
| Ischemic stroke | 1.01 (0.94–1.09) | 0.82 | 0.98 (0.89–1.09) | 0.73 | 1.07 (0.89–1.28) | 0.50 |
| Smoker | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 0.89 | 1.01 (0.92–1.10) | 0.87 | 1.03 (0.89–1.20) | 0.68 |
| Dyslipidemia | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.45 | 1.03 (0.98–1.08) | 0.33 | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) | 0.69 |
| Obesity | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | <0.0001 | 1.24 (1.17–1.31) | <0.0001 | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | 0.95 |
| Alcohol‐related diagnoses | 1.02 (0.93–1.12) | 0.72 | 1.10 (0.97–1.24) | 0.14 | 0.74 (0.58–0.93) | 0.009 |
| Abnormal renal function | 1.07 (1.02–1.12) | 0.009 | 1.09 (1.02–1.17) | 0.01 | 0.99 (0.87–1.11) | 0.81 |
| Lung disease | 0.95 (0.91–0.99) | 0.03 | 0.95 (0.90–1.01) | 0.08 | 0.89 (0.81–0.99) | 0.03 |
| Sleep apnea syndrome | 0.99 (0.93–1.05) | 0.72 | 0.96 (0.88–1.05) | 0.35 | 1.12 (0.97–1.30) | 0.13 |
| Liver disease | 0.97 (0.88–1.06) | 0.47 | 0.91 (0.81–1.09) | 0.12 | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 0.53 |
| Thyroid diseases | 1.01 (0.96–1.07) | 0.63 | 1.02 (0.95–1.09) | 0.63 | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | 0.75 |
| Inflammatory disease | 1.02 (0.96–1.08) | 0.60 | 1.03 (0.95–1.11) | 0.49 | 0.99 (0.86–1.14) | 0.89 |
| Anemia | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.07 | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | 0.17 | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.33 |
| Previous cancer | 1.02 (0.97–1.07) | 0.54 | 0.99 (0.93–1.06) | 0.71 | 1.06 (0.95–1.19) | 0.31 |
| Edwards Sapien XT | 1.00 | ··· | 1.00 | ··· | 1.00 | ··· |
| Edwards Sapien 3 | 1.01 (0.95–1.08) | 0.75 | 0.88 (0.81–0.95) | 0.002 | 1.35 (1.18–1.53) | <0.0001 |
| Medtronic Corevalve | 1.30 (1.21–1.40) | <0.0001 | 1.40 (1.27–1.55) | <0.0001 | 1.27 (1.10–1.48) | 0.001 |
| Medtronic Evolut | 1.25 (1.17–1.34) | <0.0001 | 1.16 (1.07–1.27) | 0.001 | 1.59 (1.38–1.83) | <0.0001 |
BE indicates balloon‐expandable; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; Early BE, Edwards Sapien XT; Early SE, Medtronic Corevalve; HR, hazard ratio; Latest BE, Edwards Sapien 3; Latest SE, Medtronic Evolut; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PPI, permanent pacemaker implantation; SE, self‐expandable; and TAVR, transcatheter aortic valve replacement.